[A million football fans in a city of 120,000 inhabitants--a nightmare for emergency medicine and disaster management? Euro 2008 and the "Orange wonder of Berne"]. / 1.000.000 Fussballfans in einer Stadt mit 120.000 Einwohnern--ein notfallmedizinischer Albtraum? Die Euro 2008 und das "Oranje-Wunder von Bern"

The 2008 European Football Championship 2008 (Euro 08) is the largest sporting event ever organized in Switzerland. One million visitors came to the city of Berne during the event and the local airport in Bern/Belp registered 261 extra flights. For each football game there were 33,000 fans in the stadium and 100,000 fans in the public viewing zones.The ambulance corps and the Department of Emergency Medicine (ED) at Inselspital, University Hospital Berne, were responsible for basic medical care and emergency medical management. Injuries and illnesses were analyzed by a standardized score (NACA score). The preparation strategy as well as costs and patient numbers are presented in detail.A total of 30 additional ambulance vehicles were used, 4,723 additional working days (one-third medical professionals) were accumulated, 662 ambulance calls were registered and 240 persons needed medical care (62% Swiss, 28% Dutch and 10% other nationalities). Among those needing treatment 51 were treated in 1 of the 4 city hospitals. No injuries with NACA grades VI and VII occurred (NACA I: 4, NACA II: 17, NACA III: 16, NACA IV: 10 and NACA V: 4 patients). The city of Berne compensated the Inselspital Bern with a total of 112,603 Euros for extra medical care costs. The largest amount was spent on security measures (50,300 Euros) and medical staff (medical doctors 22,600 Euros, nurses 29,000 Euros). Because of the poor weather and the exemplary behavior of the fans, the course of events was rather peaceful.

An anatomical study of the origins of the lateral circumflex femoral artery in the Turkish population.

The aim of this study was to investigate the origins of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) in the Turkish population. For this purpose, we investigated 110 inguinal regions of 56 cadavers between 1997 and 2007. The LCFA was found to be branched from the deep femoral artery (DFA) in 85 (77.3%) cases and from the femoral artery (FA) in 21 (19.1%) cases. In two (1.8%) cases the ascending and the descending branches of the LCFA branched separately from the DFA and FA. There was a common trunk of the DFA and the LCFA in one (0.9%) case, and a common trunk of the DFA, LCFA and the medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) (trifurcation) in another (0.9%). We also measured the distance between the mid-inguinal point (MIP) and the origin of the LCFA. For LCFAs branching from the DFA the mean distance between these points was 4.8 +/- 1.2 cm, while for LCFAs branching from the FA the mean distance was 3.4 +/- 0.9 cm. We discuss the clinical importance of the artery and compare the results with the literature.

An anatomical study of the origins of the medial circumflex femoral artery in the Turkish population.

The medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) usually branches from the deep femoral artery (DFA). It may also branch from the femoral artery (FA). In this study 100 inguinal regions of 50 cadavers were investigated. In 79 extremities (79%) MCFA branched from DFA, while in 15 (15%) it branched from FA. In four extremities (4%) MCFA was found to be double; in each case one of MCFAs branched from FA and the other from DFA. In one of these four cases the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) was also double. In one case we found a common trunk of DFA and MCFA and in another case a common trunk of MCFA, DFA and LCFA. Clinicians must be familiar with the variations of this clinically important artery to improve their success in the diagnosis and treatment of pathologies in the region.

Hepatomesenteric trunk.

An hepatomesenteric trunk, formed by the common hepatic and superior mesenteric arteries, was found in a 50-year-old male cadaver. The left gastric and splenic arteries arose as a common trunk, the gastrosplenic trunk, from the abdominal aorta; no typical celiac trunk was present. In addition, the hepatomesenteric trunk passed posterior to the portal vein. A knowledge of variations of the common hepatic artery may be important in pancreaticoduodenectomy, as well as during hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy.

Double superior gemellus together with double piriformis and high division of the sciatic nerve.

We report a case with double superior gemellus and double piriformis mm. associated with the sciatic n. dividing high and passing between the two piriformis mm. in the same lower extremity. This abnormality has not previously been described in the literature. As many musculoskeletal structures may be involved in sciatica, the supernumerary superior gemelli and piriformis mm. may exert pressure on the sciatic n. and this should be taken into account by clinicians.

An anatomic study of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

In this study, the course of the lateral femoral cutaneous n. was examined bilaterally in 22 cadavers. Seven of these 44 lateral femoral cutaneous nn. showed variations in their course, especially in their number of branches under the inguinal ligament. During operations where the lateral femoral cutaneous n. may be demaged or in its decompression surgery, the nerve is to be found under the inguinal ligament. 1.52 +/- 0.84 cm medial to the anterior superior iliac spine. This nerve can be found passing through the inguinal ligament in as many as four branches.

A complicated variation of the upper extremity vascularisation.

In the right upper extremity of a cadaver, the radial artery originated from the medial side of the brachial artery at a higher level than usual, which was 16.7 cm below the coracoid process. Then, this artery crossed over the brachial artery, passed to its lateral side and ran to the forearm in front of the aponeurosis of the biceps brachii muscle. The brachial artery ended 1 cm distal to the elbow joint by dividing into the ulnar, anterior interosseous and posterior interosseous arteries. The common interosseous artery was absent. As the radial and ulnar arteries may be used as microvascular donor or recipient vessels, a good knowledge of the arterial vascularisation of the upper extremity is essential in planning surgical and reconstructive procedures in this area. Secondly, the course of the radial artery in our cadaver may be mistaken for a vein and an intravenous injection in such an artery can result in the loss of the hand or forearm.