[Study of fundamental parameters of inductively coupled plasma for slurry nebulization--electron density determination].

The electron density of the plasma for slurry nebulization inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry was determined and reported in the present paper. The Stark broadening method of Hg line (486.1 nm) was chosen and used to determine the electron density of the plasma for nebulization into the inductively coupled plasma with both the aqueous solution and different concentration titanium slurry. There are approximately the same plasma electron density results of 10(15) cm(-3) for the two nebulization ways. The experiment verified that the plasma electron density only shows a litter decrease with 10% TiO2 suspension nebulization into the inductively coupled plasma. This means that the plasma electron density does not change remarkably with high content suspension nebulization into the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry instrument. It will help trace elements determination by using high concentration suspension nebulization into the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry instrument.

[Study of fundamental parameters of inductively coupled plasma with slurry nebulization--I. Excitation temperature determination].

The excitation temperature of plasma with slurry nebulization into inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry was determined and reported in the present paper. Ti-lines and multi spectrum lines method were chosen and used to determine the excitation temperature with nebulization into the inductively coupled plasma with both aqueous solution and 0.05% titanium slurry. There were approximately the same plasma excitation temperatures of 5 000-6 000 K for the two nebulization ways. The experiment verified that the excitation temperature only showed a little increase with RF power increasing. This means that the atomization efficiency did not change remarkably with slurry nebulization into the inductively coupled plasma if only the RF power was increased. Therefore, the analytical results were not much improved in the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry with slurry nebulization when only changing RF power.

[Research advance in slurry sample introduction for plasma emission spectrometry/mass spectrometry].

The present review is focused on the advances and applications of slurry introduction for plasma spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Preparation and characterization of the suspensions are described, including the methods for decreasing the particle size such as the bottle and bead method, mixing mill method, vibration mill method, and supersonic mill method. Dispersion of the particles can be controlled via adding dispersant and pH adjustment. Some methods for particle size measurement, namely, sedimentation, optical microscopy, photosedimentometry, laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, are also described. Effects of suspension concentration and calibration techniques, including calibration by simple aqueous standard, internal standard, correction by empirical correction factors, standard additions, intrinsic internal standardization, and standard slurries, are discussed. Fundamental study of slurry introduction and its applications to plasma spectrometry/mass spectrometry are reviewed.

[Direct determination of Nb in titanium oxide using slurry sample introduction by axial viewing inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry].

By using dispersant polyacrylate amine (NH4PAA) to disperse TiO2, effects of different dispersants, pH value and the amount of dispersant on TiO2 slurry were investigated. The pH value of the medium and the dispersant amount were optimized, and a stable and homogeneous suspension was prepared. Nb in TiO2 was determined by an axial viewing ICP-OES spectrometer. At the same time, the performance of the axial viewing ICP-OES using solid powder analysis was discussed. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the detection limit of the present method is 3.0 microg x L(-1) and the RSD is 3.1% (n = 3, c = 0.3 mg x L(-1)).