Refractive stability and timing of spectacle prescription following cataract surgery in myopic eyes.

PURPOSE: To investigate the post-operative refractive stabilisation time and provide evidence for the optimal timing of a spectacle prescription in myopic post-cataract surgery patients. METHODS: A total of 116 consecutive myopic cataract patients were recruited from the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center in this prospective study. Post-operative subjective refraction was assessed after 1 week and 1 month (4-6 weeks), with the interval for the new spectacle acquisition being recorded. Visual Function Index-14 (VF-14) questionnaires were used to assess the vision-related quality of life. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in spherical (p = 0.33), cylindrical (p = 0.65) or spherical equivalent refractions (p = 0.45) obtained 1 week and 1 month post-operatively, indicating that subjects achieved refractive stability within 1 week. In subgroups having differing age and axial lengths, there were also no significant differences between the 1 week and 1 month findings. The spherical equivalent refractive shift between 1 week and 1 month was significantly correlated with the post-operative prediction error (R = 0.35; p < 0.001). Only five (4.3%) out of 116 patients obtained new spectacles 1 week post-surgery. The VF-14 values improved from 85.77 ± 7.24 to 90.45 ± 5.39 after acquiring new spectacles (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The stabilisation of subjective refraction occurred within 1 week in myopic cataract patients. Shortening the interval before prescribing a new spectacle prescription is recommended for myopic patients following cataract surgery to improve their vision-related quality of life.

Objective Quantification of Lens Opacity in Posterior Subcapsular Cataracts Using IOL Master 700 and CASIA-2.

PURPOSE: To objectively quantify the lens opacity of posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSCs) using the swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)-based devices including IOL Master 700 and CASIA-2. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 101 eyes of 101 patients with PSCs were enrolled in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from 2021 to 2022. The IOL Master 700 and CASIA-2 were used to obtain lens images. The average posterior subcapsular density (APSD) and the maximum posterior subcapsular density (MPSD) within the pupil area (radius: 3 or 5 mm) were measured by Image J. Spearman and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to assess the associations. RESULTS: APSD-3mm, APSD-5mm, MPSD-3mm, and MPSD-5mm had positive correlations with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA; r = 0.658, 0.641, 0.583, and 0.572, P < .001, respectively), all of which were higher than the correlation between LOCS-III P score and BCVA (r = 0.548, P < .001). Particularly, the APSD-3mm showed the highest correlation with BCVA. APSD could distinguish severe PSCs (LOCS-III P score ≥ 5) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.836 (95% CI 0.743-0.930) for APSD-3mm and with AUC 0.758 (95% CI 0.643-0.873) for APSD-5mm, highlighting the better performance of APSD-3mm. The APSD-3mm of IOL Master 700 correlated strongly with that of CASIA-2 (r = 0.789, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This study presented an objective method for quantifying PSCs using IOL Master 700 and CASIA-2. APSD-3mm can be used as a new accurate and objective index for the quantitative assessment of PSCs.

SKLB1002, a potent inhibitor of VEGF receptor 2 signaling, inhibits endothelial angiogenic function in vitro and ocular angiogenesis in vivo.

Ocular angiogenesis is a major cause of severe vision loss, which can affect several parts of the eye, including the retina, choroid and cornea. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitors have demonstrated great potential for treating ocular angiogenesis and SKLB1002 is a potent inhibitor of VEGF receptor 2 signaling. The present study investigated the effects of SKLB1002 administration on ocular angiogenesis. SKLB1002 administration did not show obvious cytotoxicity and tissue toxicity at the tested concentrations. In an alkali­burn corneal model, SKLB1002 administration significantly decreased the mean length and number of new corneal blood vessels. SKLB1002 administration significantly reduced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro. Mechanistically, SKLB1002 inhibited endothelial angiogenic functions by blocking the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38. Thus, selective inhibition of VEGFR­2 through SKLB1002 administration is a promising therapy for ocular angiogenesis.

Osthole: A Traditional Chinese Medicine for Ocular Anti-Angiogenic Therapy.

PURPOSE: Osthole is an agent isolated from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson and has been used to treat several disorders. Corneal neovascularization is a sight-threatening condition associated with several inflammatory or infectious ocular disorders. In this study, we investigated the anti-angiogenic effects of osthole on corneal neovascularization and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: MTT assay, HE staining, and calcein-AM/propidium iodide staining was conducted to detect the toxicity of osthole in vitro and in vivo. Corneal neovascularization of ICR mice was induced by alkali burn and observed by a slit lamp microscopy on day 7 after alkali injury. EdU assay, Ki67 immunofluorescence assay, Transwell migration assay, and Matrigel assay were conducted to investigate the role of osthole in endothelial angiogenic effects in vitro. Western blots were conducted to investigate the anti-angiogenic mechanism of osthole in corneal neovascularization. RESULTS: Administration of osthole ranging from 0.05 to 25 µM had no detectable cytotoxicity or tissue toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Topical administration of osthole inhibited corneal neovascularization induced by alkali burn. Osthole decreased the proliferation, migration, and tube-formation of endothelial cells induced by VEGF. Osthole inhibited endothelial angiogenic functions through blocking the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence that osthole is a promising drug for the treatment of corneal neovascularization.