Cutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer: Manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer is very rare. The understanding of this disease is incomplete. This situation delays its diagnosis and treatment, followed by poor prognosis. Here, we first report a study based on a network to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer. METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed was performed. All studies on cutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer were collected. The publication date was limited from 2000 to the present, and the language was limited to English. SPSS 26.0 was employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were included. The average patient age was 60.0 ± 16.0 years. In total, 72.2 % of the patients were male. The most common manifestation was nodular skin lesions (45.8 %). The metastases generally presented as multiple lesions (61.1 %). The most common metastasis location was the thoracoabdominal wall (56.9 %). 64.7 % of the patients simultaneously had extracutaneous metastases. Most of the tumors were poorly differentiated carcinomas (87.5 %), and 66.1 % had signet ring cells. 40.8 % of the cutaneous metastases presented as primary manifestations. Only 9.6 % had their diagnosis as soon as the cutaneous metastasis emerged. Systemic chemotherapy (65.6 %) was the most common treatment strategy, followed by radical surgery (12.5 %). The median overall survival was only 6 months. The median overall survival of 5 patients with resected tumors was 48 months. CONCLUSION: Cutaneous metastasis from gastric cancer usually manifests as an emerged nodule or erysipelas-like skin lesion. Resection of the cutaneous lesion could be helpful for patients with local metastases.

[Parameningeal or non-parameningeal head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma: a study based on propensity score matching and survival analysis].

Objective: To compare the prognoses between parameningeal and non-parameningeal head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma based on propensity score matching and to explore the prognostic factors of overall survival in patients with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Methods: The medical records of 64 patients with pathologically diagnosed as head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma from January 2016 to May 2020 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively retrieved, including 31 males and 33 females, with an average age of (8.0±8.9) years. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw and compare survival curves in subgroup analysis according to different histopathological characteristics. Patients were divided into non-parameningeal (27 cases) and parameningeal (37 cases) group based on the location of primary lesion. Patients were further selected using 1∶1 propensity score matching method. The basic clinical data and overall survival were compared before and after matching. Prognostic factors were anlysed using Cox's proportional hazards regression model. Results: In 64 patients with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma, lower risk stratification, and lower TNM stage indicated higher overall survival (all P<0.05). Before matching, patients in parameningeal group presented with higher T stage and IRS (Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study) staging (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in basic clinical data and 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates between two groups after matching(P>0.05). Tumor size smaller than 5 cm, embryonal histology, negative FOXO1 fusion gene, lower risk stratification, and lower TNM stage were associated with higher overall survival (all P<0.05). Among these, tumor size and histology were independent prognostic factors (HR=2.36, 95%CI:1.07-5.20, P=0.033; HR=5.54, 95%CI: 1.18-25.95, P=0.030). Conclusions: There is no significant difference in overall survival between patients with parameningeal and non-parameningeal rhabdomyosarcomas. Tumor size smaller than 5 cm and embryonal histology are two independent prognostic factors.

C60 in water: nanocrystal formation and microbial response.

Upon contact with water, under a variety of conditions, C60 spontaneously forms a stable aggregate with nanoscale dimensions (d = 25-500 nm), termed here "nano-C60". The color, hydrophobicity, and reactivity of individual C60 are substantially altered in this aggregate form. Herein, we provide conclusive lines of evidence demonstrating that in solution these aggregates are crystalline in order and remain as underivatized C60 throughout the formation/stabilization process that can later be chemically reversed. Particle size can be affected by formation parameters such as rates and the pH of the water addition. Once formed, nano-C60 remains stable in solution at or below ionic strengths of 0.05 I for months. In addition to demonstrating aggregate formation and stability over a wide range of conditions, results suggest that prokaryotic exposure to nano-C60 at relatively low concentrations is inhibitory, indicated by lack of growth (> or = 0.4 ppm) and decreased aerobic respiration rates (4 ppm). This work demonstrates the fact that the environmental fate, distribution, and biological risk associated with this important class of engineered nanomaterials will require a model that addresses not only the properties of bulk C60 but also that of the aggregate form generated in aqueous media.