ABSTRACT
Complications associated with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) have complex origins that revolve around chronic hyperglycemia; these complications involve hemostasis disorders, coagulopathies, and vascular damage. Our study aims to develop innovative approaches to minimize these complications and to compare the outcomes of the new approach with those of traditional methods. To achieve our objective, we designed novel nanoparticles comprising covalent organic frameworks (nCOF) loaded with insulin, termed nCOF/Insulin, and compared it to subcutaneous insulin to elucidate the influence of insulin delivery methods on various parameters, including bleeding time, coagulation factors, platelet counts, cortisol plasma levels, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress parameters. Traditional subcutaneous insulin injections exacerbated hemostasis disorder and vascular injuries in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats through increasing plasma triglycerides and lipid peroxidation. Conversely, oral delivery of nCOF/Insulin ameliorated hemostatic disorders and restored the endothelial oxidant/antioxidant balance by reducing lipid peroxidation and enhancing the lipid profile. Our study pioneers the understanding of how STZ-induced diabetes disrupts bleeding time, induces a hypercoagulable state, and causes vascular damage through lipid peroxidation. Additionally, it provides the first evidence for the involvement of subcutaneous insulin treatment in exacerbating vascular and hemostasis disorders in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Introducing an innovative oral insulin delivery via the nCOF approach represents a potential paradigm shift in diabetes management and patient care and promises to improve treatment strategies for type 1 Diabetes.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this work was to investigate inflammatory, oxidative, and thrombotic parameters as biomarkers in farmers exposed to pesticides. Fifty farmers using chemical pesticides and 60 unexposed control men participated in this study. The Mediterranean diet compliance, the duration of pesticide use, and personal protection for pesticides handling were recorded using self-administered questionnaires. Serum biochemical parameters, oxidant/antioxidant, inflammatory, and thrombosis markers were determined. Our findings showed oxidative stress reflected by an increase in malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins and superoxide anion levels and a decrease in vitamins C and E, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities in farmers. Serum C-reactive protein, prothrombin, and fibrinogen levels were enhanced in these farmers. In conclusion, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic perturbations reflected the possibility of the effects of pesticides to farmers.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers/blood , Farmers , Hemostatics/blood , Inflammation/blood , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Pesticides/poisoning , Adult , Ascorbic Acid/blood , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Catalase/blood , Fibrinogen/metabolism , Glutathione/blood , Humans , Inflammation/etiology , Logistic Models , Male , Malondialdehyde/blood , Middle Aged , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Protein Carbonylation , Prothrombin/metabolism , Superoxide Dismutase/blood , Superoxides/blood , Surveys and Questionnaires , Vitamin E/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the oxidative profile and thrombotic markers in obese and hypertensive mothers. METHODS: Thirty obese, 28 hypertensive and 34 healthy control mothers were recruited from Tlemcen Hospital, Algeria. Plasma vitamin C, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, erythrocyte glutathione, malondialdehyde, carbonyl proteins and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities and coagulation markers [protein C, protein S, fibrinogen, prothrombin, antithrombin, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), lupus anticoagulants (LACs)] were measured. Changes in plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose and lipid levels were also determined. RESULTS: Plasma glucose concentrations were high in obese mothers, and plasma urea, uric acid and creatinine levels were increased in hypertensive compared with healthy mothers. Obese and hypertensive mothers had low vitamin C and glutathione values, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and high triglyceride, superoxide anion, malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein levels compared with control mothers. Plasma nitric oxide levels were enhanced in obese mothers but reduced in hypertensive mothers. Fibrinogen and prothrombin levels were significantly enhanced in obese and hypertensive mothers. Protein C, protein S, antithrombin and APTT values were significantly higher in hypertensive mothers. Only hypertensive mothers were positive for LACs. CONCLUSION: Obese and hypertensive mothers presented oxidative stress and a pro-thrombotic state. Their oxidative and hemostasis profile should be carefully considered and appropriate management organized.
