Outcomes of decentralizing hypertension care from district hospitals to health centers in Rwanda, 2013-2014.

SETTING: Three district hospitals (DHs) and seven health centers (HCs) in rural Rwanda. OBJECTIVE: To describe follow-up and treatment outcomes in stage 1 and 2 hypertension patients receiving care at HCs closer to home in comparison to patients receiving care at DHs further from home. DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive cohort study using routinely collected data involving adult patients aged ⩾18 years in care at chronic non-communicable disease clinics and receiving treatment for hypertension at DH and HC between 1 January 2013 and 30 June 2014. RESULTS: Of 162 patients included in the analysis, 36.4% were from HCs. Patients at DHs travelled significantly further to receive care (10.4 km vs. 2.9 km for HCs, P < 0.01). Odds of being retained were significantly lower among DH patients when not adjusting for distance (OR 0.11, P = 0.01). The retention effect was consistent but no longer significant when adjusting for distance (OR 0.18, P = 0.10). For those retained, there was no significant difference in achieving blood pressure targets between the DHs and HCs. CONCLUSION: By removing the distance barrier, decentralizing hypertension management to HCs may improve long-term patient retention and could provide similar hypertension outcomes as DHs.

Treating persistent asthma in rural Rwanda: characteristics, management and 24-month outcomes.

SETTING: In 2007, the Rwandan Ministry of Health, with support from Partners In Health, introduced a district-level non-communicable disease programme that included asthma care. OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographics, management and 24-month outcomes of asthma patients treated at three rural district hospitals in Rwanda. DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of asthma patients enrolled from January 2007 to December 2012, and extracted information on demographics, clinical variables and 24-month outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 354 patients, 66.7% were female and 41.5% were aged between 41 and 60 years. Most patients (53.1%) were enrolled with moderate persistent asthma, 40.1% had mild persistent asthma and 6.8% had severe persistent asthma. Nearly all patients (95.7%) received some type of medication, most commonly a bronchodilator. After 24 months, 272 (76.8%) patients were still alive and in care, 21.1% were lost to follow-up, 1.7% had died and 0.3% had transferred out. Of the 121 patients with an updated asthma classification at 24 months, the severity of their asthma had decreased: 17.4% had moderate and 0.8% had severe persistent asthma. CONCLUSION: Our findings show improvements in asthma severity after 24 months and reasonable rates of loss to follow-up, demonstrating that asthma can be managed effectively in rural, resource-limited settings.

Caring for patients with surgically resectable cancers: experience from a specialised centre in rural Rwanda.

SETTING: Butaro Cancer Centre of Excellence (BCCOE), Burera District, Rwanda. OBJECTIVES: To describe characteristics, management and 6-month outcome of adult patients presenting with potentially surgically resectable cancers. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of patients presenting between 1 July and 31 December 2012. RESULTS: Of 278 patients, 76.6% were female, 51.4% were aged 50-74 years and 75% were referred from other district or tertiary hospitals in Rwanda. For the 250 patients with treatment details, 115 (46%) underwent surgery, with or without chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Median time from admission to surgery was 21 days (IQR 2-91). Breast cancer was the most common type of cancer treated at BCCOE, while other forms of cancer (cervical, colorectal and head and neck) were mainly operated on in tertiary facilities. Ninety-nine patients had no treatment; 52% of these were referred out within 6 months, primarily for palliative care. At 6 months, 6.8% had died or were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Surgical care was provided for many cancer patients referred to BCCOE. However, challenges such as inadequate surgical infrastructure and skills, and patients presenting late with advanced and unresectable disease can limit the ability to manage all cases. This study highlights opportunities and challenges in cancer care relevant to other hospitals in rural settings.

Contexte : Centre anticancéreux d'excellence de Butaro (BCCOE), District de Butera, Rwanda.Objectifs : Décrire les caractéristiques, la prise en charge et les résultats à 6 mois de patients adultes se présentant avec des cancers potentiellement extirpables par chirurgie.Schema : Etude rétrospective de cohorte des patients admis entre le 1er juillet et le 31 décembre 2012.Resultats : Sur 278 patients, 76,6% étaient des femmes, 51,4% étaient âgés entre 50 et 74 ans et 75% étaient référés d'un autre district ou d'un hôpital tertiaire du Rwanda. Parmi les 250 patients dont les traitements étaient connus, 115 (46%) ont bénéficié d'une intervention chirurgicale avec ou sans chimiothérapie/radiothérapie. Le temps médian écoulé entre l'admission et la chirurgie était de 21 jours (IQR 2 à 91). Le cancer du sein était le plus fréquent des cancers traités au BCCOE, tandis que les autres cancers (col utérin, colorectal et tumeur cérébrale ou cervicale) étaient généralement opérés dans des hôpitaux tertiaires. Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf patients n'ont eu aucun traitement ; 52% ont été référés à l'extérieur dans les 6 mois, généralement pour un traitement palliatif. A 6 mois, 6,8% étaient décédés ou perdus de vue.Conclusion : De nombreux patients référés au BCCOE pour cancer ont bénéficié d'une intervention chirurgicale. Cependant la prise en charge de tous les cas est confrontée à la limite de capacité chirurgicale et au problème des patients admis tardivement avec un cancer avancé et non extirpable. Cette étude met en lumière les opportunités et les défis de la prise en charge des cancers pour les hôpitaux situés en zone rurale.

Marco de Referencia: El Centro Butaro de Excelencia en Cáncer (BCCOE) del distrito de Burera, en Ruanda.Objetivos: Describir las características, el manejo y el desenlace clínico a los 6 meses de pacientes adultos que se presentaron con cánceres cuyo tratamiento quirúrgico podía ser viable.Métodos: Fue este un estudio retrospectivo de cohortes de los pacientes que acudieron al centro entre el 1° de julio y el 31 de diciembre del 2012.Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio 278 pacientes, de los cuales 76,6% eran de sexo femenino, 51,4% tenían entre 50 y 74 años de edad y 75% habían sido remitidos de otro hospital distrital o de centros de atención terciaria de Ruanda. De los 250 expedientes que contaban con detalles sobre el tratamiento, en 115 casos (46%) los pacientes recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico con o sin quimioterapia o radioterapia. La mediana del lapso entre la hospitalización y la cirugía fue 21 días (intervalo intercuartil de 2 a 91). El cáncer de mama fue el tipo más frecuente de cáncer que se trató en el BCCOE y la cirugía de otras formas de cáncer (cuello uterino, colorrectal y de cara y cuello) se realizó principalmente en centros de atención terciaria. Noventa y nueve pacientes no recibieron tratamiento; el 52% de estos se remitió a otras instituciones en los primeros 6 meses, esencialmente con el propósito de recibir tratamiento paliativo. A los 6 meses, el 6,8% de los pacientes había fallecido o se habían perdido durante el seguimiento.Conclusión: Muchos de los pacientes remitidos recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico en el BCCOE. Sin embargo, la posibilidad de tratar todos los casos se ve limitada por obstáculos como una capacidad quirúrgica inadecuada y el hecho de que los pacientes acuden tarde, en una fase avanzada de la enfermedad, con un cáncer inoperable. El presente estudio pone de relieve oportunidades y dificultades en el tratamiento del cáncer que son pertinentes para otros centros hospitalarios en un entorno rural.