ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the extent of, and evaluate risk factors for, elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels among patients undergoing general anesthesia and to identify the source of carbon monoxide. DESIGN: Matched case-control study to measure carboxyhemoglobin levels. SETTING: Large academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: 45 surgical patients who underwent general anesthesia RESULTS: Case-patients were more likely than controls to undergo surgery on Monday or Tuesday (10/15 vs 7/30; matched odds ratio [mOR], 7.7; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 1.8-34; P=.01), in one particular room (7/15 vs 4/30; mOR, 8.5; CI95, 1.5-48; P=.03) or in a room that was idle for > or =24 hours (11/15 vs 1/30; mOR, 95.5; CI95, 8.0-1,138; P< or =.001). In a multivariate model, only rooms, and hence the anesthesia equipment, that were idle for > or =24 hours were independently associated with elevated intraoperative carboxyhemoglobin levels (OR, 22.4; CI95, 1.5-338; P=.025). Moreover, peak carboxyhemoglobin levels were correlated with the length of time that the room was idle (r=0.7; CI95, 0.3-0.9). Carbon monoxide was detected in the anesthesia machine outflow during one case-procedure. No contamination of anesthesia gas supplies or CO2 absorbents was found. CONCLUSIONS: Carbon monoxide may accumulate in anesthesia circuits left idle for > or =24 hours as a result of a chemical interaction between CO2-absorbent granules and anesthetic gases. Patients administered anesthesia through such circuits may be at increased risk for elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels during surgery or the early postoperative period.
Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General/adverse effects , Carbon Monoxide Poisoning/etiology , Adult , Aged , Anesthesia, General/instrumentation , Carbon Dioxide/metabolism , Carboxyhemoglobin/metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Inhalation Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Surgical Procedures, OperativeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe a pseudoepidemic of infectious scleritis following eye surgery. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study with selected procedural and laboratory investigations. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients with postoperative scleritis were identified during a 2-month outbreak. Neither an infectious etiology nor a causative pre-, intra-, or postoperative exposure was found. The clinical findings, when carefully reviewed, were consistent with poor surgical-wound closure. CONCLUSIONS: The art of clinical diagnosis involves the subjective interpretation of clinical history, physical findings, and laboratory results. A repeated error in the interpretation of clinical findings can simulate an outbreak of disease. Clinicians may be reluctant to concede misdiagnosis.
