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1.
Exp Dermatol ; 30(7): 982-987, 2021 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33847401

ABSTRACT

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are classified by the expression of specific transcription factors: ILC1 depending on T-bet for IFN-γ production; ILC2 depending on GATA3 for IL-5 and IL-13; and ILC3 depending on ROR-γτ and AHR for IL-17 and IL-22. This study aimed to determine circulating ILCs in 23 patients with localized (LCL) = 7, mucocutaneous (MCL) = 10, intermediate (ICL) = 3 and diffuse (DCL) = 3 cutaneous leishmaniasis and 17 healthy controls from endemic area (EC) = 9 and non-endemic area (HC) = 8. Results evidenced a higher proportion of ILC1 in LCL than controls and MCL. ILC2 was higher in DCL compared with controls. ILC3 s were abundant in MCL and DCL concerning controls. A prevalence ratio was calculated to approach cell plasticity: in LCL, the ratio showed a prevalence of ILC1/ILC3 (plasticity 1), in contrast to DCL, and controls, where ILC2/ILC3 (plasticity 3) is prevalent. Also, MCL and ICL showed higher ILC1/ILC2 (plasticity 2). These results suggest that ILC1 and ILC3 in LCL are associated with disease control and regulation of inflammation, while MCL and ICL are related to immunopathology and uncontrolled inflammation. In DCL, ILC2 is associated with the tolerogenic state of these patients.


Subject(s)
Immunity, Innate , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Adult , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult
2.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 54(1): 20-28, jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740271

ABSTRACT

La leishmaniasis cutánea americana (LCA) presenta varias manifestaciones clínicas e inmunitarias: La leishmaniasis cutánea localizada (LCL), cuya respuesta inmunitaria es tipo Th1, la leishmaniasis cutánea difusa (LCD) con una respuesta Th2, y la leishmaniasis cutánea intermedia (LCI) cuya respuesta inmunitaria es exacerbada con un patrón mixto de citocinas. Se ha demostrado la importancia de los receptores tipo toll (TLR) en la respuesta inmunitaria frente a Leishmania promoviendo la transcripción y síntesis de citocinas inflamatorias. El reconocimiento de componentes del parásito por los TLRs activa a macrófagos, células dendríticas y células NK. En este estudio, evaluamos la presencia TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 y células tipo NK (NK y NKT CD56+) en las lesiones de pacientes con LCL, LCI y LCD mediante inmunocitoquímica. Las lesiones de LCL y LCD mostraron una alta densidad de células TLR2 y TLR4+ con respecto a LCI, mientras que LCD mostró una mayor densidad de células TLR9+. Se observó también la expresión de TLR2 en los queratinocitos y el TLR9 se localizó en el interior de los macrófagos infectados asociado con los parásitos. La densidad de células CD56+ fue mayor en LCL en comparación con LCI y LCD. Los resultados demuestran la participación de los TLR2, 4 y 9 en la respuesta inmunitaria durante la LCA, mostrando evidencia del reconocimiento del parásito por TLR9 y una mayor densidad de células NK en LCL que se puede asociar a la respuesta Th1 que prevalece en estos pacientes.


American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has several clinical and immunological manifestations: localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) that produces a Th1 immune response, diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) that produces a Th2 response, and intermediate cutaneous leishmaniasis (ICL) that promotes an exacerbated immune response with a mixed pattern of cytokines. The importance of toll-like receptors (TLRs) to the immune response has been demonstrated against Leishmania, as these promote the transcription and synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. Parasite components are recognized by TLRs leading to the activation of macrophages, dendritic cells and NK cells. In this study, we evaluated the presence of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 and NK/NKT CD56+ cells by immunocytochemistry in the lesions of patients with LCL, ICL and DCL. LCL and DCL lesions showed higher densities of TLR2 and TLR4 cells than ICL, while DCL showed an increase in TLR9 + cell density. The expression of TLR2 in keratinocytes was also observed, and TLR9 was located inside the infected macrophages in contact with the parasites. NK cell density was higher in LCL compared with ICL and DCL. These results demonstrate the participation of TLR2, 4 and 9 in the immune response during ACL, and show evidence of parasite recognition by TLR9 and increased CD56+ cell density in LCL associated with the Th1 response which prevails in these patients.

3.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(4): 446-52, 2013 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23827991

ABSTRACT

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) presents distinct active clinical forms with different grades of severity, known as localised (LCL), intermediate (ICL) and diffuse (DCL) cutaneous leishmaniasis. LCL and DCL are associated with a polarised T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 immune response, respectively, whereas ICL, or chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, is associated with an exacerbated immune response and a mixed cytokine expression profile. Chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in cellular migration and are critical in the inflammatory response. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of the chemokines CXCL10, CCL4, CCL8, CCL11 and CXCL8 and the chemokine receptors CCR3, CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR7 in the lesions of patients with different clinical forms of ACL using immunohistochemistry. LCL patients exhibited a high density of CXCL10+, CCL4+ and CCL8+ cells, indicating an important role for these chemokines in the local Th1 immune response and the migration of CXCR3+ cells. LCL patients showed a higher density of CCR7+ cells than ICL or DCL patients, suggesting major dendritic cell (DC) migration to lymph nodes. Furthermore, DCL was associated with low expression levels of Th1-associated chemokines and CCL11+ epidermal DCs, which contribute to the recruitment of CCR3+ cells. Our findings also suggest an important role for epidermal cells in the induction of skin immune responses through the production of chemokines, such as CXCL10, by keratinocytes.


Subject(s)
Chemokines/metabolism , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Receptors, Chemokine/immunology , Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 108(4): 446-452, jun. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-678278

ABSTRACT

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) presents distinct active clinical forms with different grades of severity, known as localised (LCL), intermediate (ICL) and diffuse (DCL) cutaneous leishmaniasis. LCL and DCL are associated with a polarised T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 immune response, respectively, whereas ICL, or chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, is associated with an exacerbated immune response and a mixed cytokine expression profile. Chemokines and chemokine receptors are involved in cellular migration and are critical in the inflammatory response. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of the chemokines CXCL10, CCL4, CCL8, CCL11 and CXCL8 and the chemokine receptors CCR3, CXCR3, CCR5 and CCR7 in the lesions of patients with different clinical forms of ACL using immunohistochemistry. LCL patients exhibited a high density of CXCL10+, CCL4+ and CCL8+ cells, indicating an important role for these chemokines in the local Th1 immune response and the migration of CXCR3+ cells. LCL patients showed a higher density of CCR7+ cells than ICL or DCL patients, suggesting major dendritic cell (DC) migration to lymph nodes. Furthermore, DCL was associated with low expression levels of Th1-associated chemokines and CCL11+ epidermal DCs, which contribute to the recruitment of CCR3+ cells. Our findings also suggest an important role for epidermal cells in the induction of skin immune responses through the production of chemokines, such as CXCL10, by keratinocytes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Chemokines/metabolism , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Receptors, Chemokine/immunology , Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
5.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Vet ; 50(2): 218-223, jul. 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631485

ABSTRACT

En el presente estudio se caracterizó el patrón de citocinas del bazo e hígado de perros infectados en forma natural por Leishmania infantum (chagasi) provenientes del estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela. Los perros fueron clasificados como sintomáticos y asintomáticos considerando tres signos principales de esta patología como hepatoesplenomegalia, caquexia y onicogrifosis. Muestras de hígado y bazo fueron tomadas para evaluar carga parasitaria y la expresión de citocinas y quimiocinas por inmunohistoquímica. En los perros sintomáticos se observó una mayor carga parasitaria tanto en el hígado como en bazo. En el bazo se observó una densidad de células positivas para interferón gamma (IFN-g), interlucinas (IL-12, IL-10, IL-4, IL-8) y Proteína 1 quimioatrayente de monocito (MCP-1), similar en perros asintomáticos y sintomáticos. Mientras que en el hígado la evaluación de las citocinas IFN-g, IL-12, IL-10 IL-8 y MCP-1, mostró una tendencia al aumento en el grupo de perros sintomáticos, con incremento significativo de las células IL-4+ en los perros sintomáticos, con respecto a los asintomáticos. La densidad de células IL-4+ en el hígado se correlacionó positivamente con la hepatomegalia. Al cuantificar las concentraciones séricas de la quimiocina Proteina 1 alfa inflamatoria de macrófago (MIP-1a) se observó una alta producción en los perros asintomáticos. Estos resultados confirman laexistencia de una respuesta órgano-especifica frente a L. infantum (chagasi), del tipo T cooperador 2 (Th2) en el hígado de los perros sintomáticos, caracterizada por un marcado predominio de IL-4 sobre IFN-g e IL-12. La elevada producción de IL-4 fue directamente relacionada con la hepatomegalia.


In the present study, we characterized the cytokine pattern in the spleen and liver of naturally infected dogs with Leishmania infantum (chagasi) from the Nueva Esparta state of Venezuela. The dogs were classified as symptomatic and asymptomatic considering three main signs of this disease: hepatosplenomegalia, cachexia and onichogriphosis. Tissue samples from liver and spleen were taken to evaluate parasite load, cytokines and chemokines expression by immunohistochemistry. In symptomatic dogs, a higher parasitic load was observed in the liver and spleen as compared to asymptomatic dogs. In the spleen, the density of gamma interferón (IFN-g), interleukins (IL-12, IL-10, IL-4, IL-8) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), it was similar between asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs. Whereas, in the liver IFN-g, IL-12, IL-10 IL-8 and MCP-1 showed a tendency to increase in symptomatic dogs, with a significant increment of IL-4 + cells. In the liver, the density of IL-4+ cells was positively correlated with hepatomegaly. In addition, higher concentrations of Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1a) were observed in the serum of asymptomatic than in symptomatic dogs. These results corroborate the existence of an organ-specific immune respose against L. infantum (chagasi), with a T helper 2 (Th2) immune response in the liver of symptomatic dogs, with prevalence of IL-4 over IFN-g and IL-12. The high production of IL-4 is directly related with hepatomegalia.

6.
7.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 26(supl.1): 17-25, oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-475567

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Las células dendríticas están presentes en la mayoría de los tejidos, ellas capturan y presentan antígenos para activar a los linfocitos T. Objetivo. Se describe ultraestructuralmente la fagocitosis de Leishmania mexicana por la línea de células dendríticas FSDC, una línea de células de Langerhans obtenida de la epidermis fetal de ratón, e inmortalizada por la transducción retroviral del oncogen v-myc. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron amastigotes de la lesión de ratones Balb/c y promastigotes a partir del cultivo (24°C) de la lesión. Las FSDC se cultivaron con los parásitos en una proporción de 5 parásitos por célula, en medio IMDM, durante 24 horas. Los cultivos infectados y los controles se procesaron para microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Se hicieron cortes semifinos contrastados con azul de toluidina para evaluar porcentaje de fagocitosis y finos, contrastados con acetato de uranilo y citrato de plomo. Resultados. El 13,42 por ciento de las FSDC fagocitaron promastigotes; de ellas el 8 por ciento contenían un parásito y el restante 5,2 por ciento fagocitó dos o más. El 20 por ciento de las FSDC fagocitaron amastigotes; 10 por ciento contenían un parásito y 10 por ciento dos o más. Ultraestructuralmente se observaron promastigotes en contacto con las células por el flagelo o por el polo posterior. Los fagosomas que contenían promastigotes eran organelos estrechos con uno ó dos parásitos. Los que contenían amastigotes eran de gran tamaño (8 µm) con uno o varios parásitos, libres o adosados a la membrana del fagosoma por su polo posterior. Conclusión. La infección de las FSDC se caracterizó por una baja tasa de células infectadas al ser expuestas a promastigotes o amastigotes. La vacuola parasitofora presentó características similares a las de los macrófagos. En su mayoría las FSDC presentaban 1 a 3 parásitos por célula. Las observaciones plantean la necesidad de estudiar la relación entre capacidad de fagocitosis y función...


Introduction. Dendritic cells, which capture and present antigen to activate unprimed T cell, are found in most tissues. Objective. This work describes the ultrastructure of Leishmania mexicana phagocytosis by the fetal skin dendritic cell (FSDC) line, a Langerhans cell line isolated from mouse fetal epidermis immortalized by retroviral transduction of the v-myc oncogene. Materials and methods. Leishmania amastigotes were obtained from mouse (BALB/c) lesion and promastigotes from culture ( 24°C) of the lesion. FSDC cells were cultured with parasites (5 parasites per cell) using IMDM medium, during 24 hours. Control and infected cultures were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Semi-thin sections counterstained with toluidine blue to evaluate phagocytosis and thin sections counterstained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were made. Results. 13.42% of the FSDC phagocytosed promastigotes; 8% contained a single parasite and 5.2% phagocytosed 2 or more. 20% of the FSDC phagocytosed amastigotes; 10% contained a single parasite and 10% phagocytosed 2 or more. Ultrastructurally, promastigotes in contact with FSDC by the flagellum or the posterior pole were observed. The parasitophorous vacuoles harbouring promastigotes were small organelles containing one or two parasites each. Parasitophorous vacuoles containing amastigotes were larger (8µm diameter) with one or several parasites free or attached to the vacuole at the posterior pole. Conclusion. The low rate of infected FSDC cells was characteristic and the parasitophorous vacuole showed similar characteristics to those observed in macrophages. The parasite density in the infected cells was 1 to 3 parasites per cell. These observations highlight the need to study the relationship between phagocytic capacity and function.


Subject(s)
Langerhans Cells , Leishmania mexicana/ultrastructure , Phagocytosis , Microscopy, Electron
8.
Int J Dermatol ; 45(8): 937-41, 2006 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16911378

ABSTRACT

Erythema dyschromicum perstans (EDP) is a pigmentary disease of unknown etiology in which damage to basal cells is thought to be mediated by adhesion molecules. The aim of this study was to characterize the histopathology and immunopathology of EDP. Forty-three patients from Medellín, Colombia, with the diagnosis of EDP were evaluated. Skin biopsy specimens were obtained for histopathology and immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies directed against the following markers: CD4, CD8, CD56, CD1a, CD68, CLA, HLA-DR, ICAM-1 and LFA-1alpha. A dermal lymphocytic infiltrate was observed in all cases, with a perivascular location in 86%. Other histologic features included melanophages in all specimens, vacuolization of the basement membrane zone (BMZ) 58% and exocytosis of lymphocytes (53.5%). The mean number of total leukocytes was 1510 cells mm-2 of tissue. There was a predominance of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the dermis and HLA-DR+, ICAM-1+ keratinocytes in the epidermis. Exocytosis of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)+cells was observed in areas of BMZ damage, suggesting that response to antigenic stimulation may play a role in the development of EDP.


Subject(s)
Erythema/immunology , Erythema/pathology , Pigmentation Disorders/immunology , Pigmentation Disorders/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Basement Membrane/immunology , Basement Membrane/metabolism , Basement Membrane/pathology , Child , Colombia , Erythema/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pigmentation Disorders/metabolism , Retrospective Studies
9.
Biomedica ; 26 Suppl 1: 17-25, 2006 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17361838

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Dendritic cells, which capture and present antigen to activate unprimed T cell, are found in most tissues. OBJECTIVE: This work describes the ultrastructure of Leishmania mexicana phagocytosis by the fetal skin dendritic cell (FSDC) line, a Langerhans cell line isolated from mouse fetal epidermis immortalized by retroviral transduction of the v-myc oncogene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Leishmania amastigotes were obtained from mouse (BALB/c) lesion and promastigotes from culture (24 degrees C) of the lesion. FSDC cells were cultured with parasites (5 parasites per cell) using IMDM medium, during 24 hours. Control and infected cultures were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Semi-thin sections counterstained with toluidine blue to evaluate phagocytosis and thin sections counterstained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were made. RESULTS: 13.42% of the FSDC phagocytosed promastigotes; 8% contained a single parasite and 5.2% phagocytosed 2 or more. 20% of the FSDC phagocytosed amastigotes; 10% contained a single parasite and 10% phagocytosed 2 or more. Ultrastructurally, promastigotes in contact with FSDC by the flagellum or the posterior pole were observed. The parasitophorous vacuoles harbouring promastigotes were small organelles containing one or two parasites each. Parasitophorous vacuoles containing amastigotes were larger (8 microm diameter) with one or several parasites free or attached to the vacuole at the posterior pole. CONCLUSION: The low rate of infected FSDC cells was characteristic and the parasitophorous vacuole showed similar characteristics to those observed in macrophages. The parasite density in the infected cells was 1 to 3 parasites per cell. These observations highlight the need to study the relationship between phagocytic capacity and function.


Subject(s)
Dendritic Cells/physiology , Dendritic Cells/ultrastructure , Leishmania mexicana/ultrastructure , Phagocytosis/physiology , Animals , Cell Line
10.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 45(2): 81-88, ago.-dic. 2005. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-426765

ABSTRACT

La leishmaniasis visceral es una enfermedad infecciosa, causada en Latinoamérica por el parásito Leishmania infantum/chagasi, la cual afecta principalmente a niños menores de cuatro (4) años y en los que se registra una alta tasa de mortalidad infantil en zonas endémicas, constituyendo así un grave problema de salud pública. El perro domestico es el principal reservorio de esta enfermedad. La presente revisión abarca los aspectos inmunológicos evaluados en la ultima década en sangre periférica y órganos blanco del parásito, que caracterizan y definen a los caninos infectados como sintomáticos y asintomáticos. Estos constituyen elementos de importancia en el pronóstico de la enfermedad visceral, en el desarrollo de nuevas terapias, candidatos a vacunas y medidas de control de la leishmaniasis visceral canina


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Child , Dogs , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology , Parasites
11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15670331

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the adoptive transfer of DCs on Leishmania (L.) mexicana-infected neonatal BALB/c mice. DCs were isolated and purified from the spleens of the following donor groups: a) Adult BALB/c mice infected during adulthood with L. (L) mexicana; b) Adult BALB/c mice infected during neonatal life; c) Healthy neonatal BALB/c mice; d) Healthy adult BALB/c mice. A neonatal model of infection, generated after inoculation with 5 × 105 promastigotes of L. (L) mexicana, was used as the infection control group. Sixteen hours after intraperitoneal transfer of DCs (1 × 103, 1 × 105, or 1 × 106 cells/ml), neonatal recipient BALB/c mice were infected. The adoptive transfer of DCs diminished disease progression in neonatal mice. This reduction depends on the quantity and provenance of transferred DCs, since the effect was more evident with high numbers of DCs from adult mice infected during adulthood and healthy neonatal mice. Protection was significantly reduced in animals receiving DCs from healthy adult mice but it was absent in mice receiving DCs from adult mice infected during neonatal life. These results suggest that genetic susceptibility to Leishmania infection can be modified during neonatal life, and that the period of life when antigens are encountered is crucial in influencing the capacity of DCs to induce resistance or tolerance.

12.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 70(6): 618-24, 2004 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15211002

ABSTRACT

We characterized key leukocyte immunophenotypes in the liver and spleen of naturally infected dogs from an area in Venezuela endemic for leishmaniasis. Dogs were classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic after serologic and physical analysis. Symptomatic dogs showed a higher parasite burden in the liver and spleen than asymptomatic dogs. The livers of asymptomatic dogs showed an effective immunity with well-organized granulomas walling off parasites in an environment of central memory CD44(lo), CD45RO(hi), activated effector CD44(hi), and CD45RO(hi) T cells. These granulomas also had many major histocompatibility class II+ cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells, and cells expressing CD18 and CD44. In contrast, symptomatic livers showed a non-organized and non-effective infiltrate composed of T cells and heavily parasitized Kupffer cells and a diminished expression of activation molecules. In the spleen, the immune responses of symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs were very similar. The results showed a distinct immune response against Leishmania chagasi in target organs.


Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Liver/immunology , Spleen/immunology , Animals , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dog Diseases/physiopathology , Dogs , Female , Immunophenotyping , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology , Male , Organ Specificity , T-Lymphocytes/immunology
14.
Arch. Hosp. Vargas ; 45(1/2): 7-14, ene.-jun. 2003. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-405386

ABSTRACT

Actualmente existen pocos estudios inmunofenotípicos que caracterizan los leucocitos en la mucosa rectal de pacientes infectados con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Treinta y tres biopsias rectales provenientes de pacientes VIH positivo y 7 biopsias controles de pacientes VIH negativo, fueron analizadas utilizando la técnica de avidinainmunoperoxidasa y los siguientes anticuerpos monoclonales: S-100, ki-1 (CD30), LCA, p21, p53, PCNA, CD4 y HLADR. Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa (p<-0,05) en el número de células de la mucosa rectal de los pacientes VIH positivo y controles que expresan las siguientes moléculas: S-100, Ki-1 (CD30), LCA, p21, p53, PCNA, y CD4. Numerosos leucocitos de la mucosa rectal de los pacientes VIH positivo estaban activados y expresaban moléculas HLA-DW mientras que ningún leucocito de las biopsias controles mostró alguna expresión. Además, observamos una diferencia significativa (p<-0,05) en la expresión de las siguientes moléculas: LCA, PCNA, S-100 y CD4 al comparar las biopsias rectales de pacientes VIH positivo con y sin folículos linfoides. Nuestro estudio muestra la primera evidencia de un incremento de las células dendríticas S-100 + en la mucosa rectal de pacientes VIH positivo. Los marcadores de activación y proliferación también se presentaron elevados. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la posibilidad del desarrollo de una proliferación monoclonal en la mucosa rectal de pacientes VIH positivo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Biopsy , HIV , Immunohistochemistry , Proctitis , Rectal Diseases , Medicine , Venezuela
15.
J Oral Pathol Med ; 31(7): 410-4, 2002 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12165059

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Current evidence suggests that immunological mechanisms are involved in oral lichen planus (OLP) pathogenesis. The events implicate activated epithelia that comprise antigen-presenting Langerhans cells, immunocompetent keratinocytes and subepithelial inflammatory infiltrate. Also, the presence of a high density of leucocyte cells may occur for the expression of a variety of adhesion molecules. The aim of this study was to analyse the immunoexpression of some adhesion molecules as well as lymphocytic markers in order to determine the disease pathogenesis in a Venezuelan population. METHODS: The 18 OLP and 10 normal oral mucosa biopsies were immunostained for CD4, CD8, CD1a, LFA-1, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. RESULTS: The results showed an increased number of CD4+, CD8+, CD1a+ cells in OLP. Serial sections showed CD4+ and CD8+ cells also expressed LFA-1. The expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly higher in OLP. CONCLUSIONS: The immunological reaction begins with Langerhans cells activation, which presents an antigen to CD4+ lymphocytes. Those cells through ICAM-1 and LFA-1 promote epithelial destruction. Afterwards, cytokine production, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression can activate CD8+ lymphocytes leading to the chronic form of the disease.


Subject(s)
Lichen Planus, Oral/immunology , Antigens, CD1/analysis , CD4 Antigens/analysis , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology , CD8 Antigens/analysis , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology , Epithelial Cells/immunology , Epithelial Cells/pathology , Female , Humans , Immunocompetence/immunology , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis , Keratinocytes/immunology , Keratinocytes/pathology , Langerhans Cells/immunology , Langerhans Cells/pathology , Leukocyte Count , Leukocytes/immunology , Leukocytes/pathology , Lichen Planus, Oral/pathology , Lymphocyte Activation/immunology , Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/analysis , Male , Middle Aged , Mouth Mucosa/immunology , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Statistics as Topic , Statistics, Nonparametric , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/pathology , Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis
16.
Acta cient. venez ; 49(1): 42-56, 1998. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-217747

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se presentan los resultados de inmunidad celular en sangre periférica y lesión cutánea en las tres formas clínicas de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria. Estas formas clínicas, que conforman un espectro clínico, histológico e inmunológico son la leishmaniasis cutánea localizada (LCL), cutánea difusa (LCD); y el área intermedia que comprende las lesiones mucosas y verrugosas (LCM). El conjunto de resultados sugiere que el patrón de citoquinas determinado en sangre periférica y en las lesiones que presentan los pacientes con LCL, es un patrón mixto tipo Th1 y THO, lo cual conduce a la curación de las lesiones en estos pacientes, ya sea espontaneamente o luego de una terapia apropiada. Los pacientes con LCD, resistentes a la quimioterapia, se caracterizan por un patrón de citoquinas tipo Th2, con una ausencia total de producción de IL-2 e INF-gamma por parte de los linfocitos específicos para el antígeno. Este tipo de respuesta Th2 probablemente es la responsable de que estos pacientes sean incapaces de controlar la infección, lo cual conduce a la diseminación del parásito por toda la superficie cutánea. En el área intermedia se encuentran los pacientes con LCM, con lesiones destructivas de las mucosas orales y nasofaringeas, con tendencia a la cronicidad. Se acaracterizan por un patrón de citoquinas mixto tipo Th1 y Th2 que coexisten simultaneamente. Esta situación puede ser la responsanble de la no resolución de la enfermedad en estos pacientes, ya que cuando ambos tipos de citoquinas se producen es posible que las citoquinas tipo Th2 predominen sobre las tipo Th1. El análisis de las lesiones cutáneas demonstró que la epidermis en la LCD carece de las señales accesorias ICAM-1 y MHC-II por parte de lo queratinocitos, y presenta un número variable de células de Langerhans. En LCM, la expresión de ICAM-1 y MHC-II está exacerbada, y las células de Langerhans están ausentes del epitelio lesionado. Por su parte, la epidermis de la LCL manifesta las señales accesorias adecuadas, ICAM-1 en parches y MHC expresado universalmente por los queratinocitos...


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Cytokines , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/immunology , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Leishmania/immunology , Antibody Formation , BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use , Host-Parasite Interactions , Immunity, Cellular , Immunotherapy , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Mycobacterium bovis , Protozoan Vaccines , T-Lymphocytes
17.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 9(4): 162-75, oct.-dic. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-213124

ABSTRACT

En el presente trabajo se evaluaron 14 casos de melanoma desde el punto de vista ultraestructural inmunohistoquímico, con los anticuerpos, proteína S-100, Enolasa Neural Especifica y Vimentina. Los resultados encontrados a la microscopia electrónica confirmaron el diagnóstico histológico previo, en todos los casos estudiados, no pudiéndose demostrar en ninguno de ellos la presencia de membrana basal. La inmunohistoquímica fue positiva en los 14 casos, para los anticuerpos proteína S-100, Enolasa Neuronal Específica y Vimentina. En el caso de la proteína S-100 y la Vimentina su presencia fue confirmada por inmunoelectromicroscopía. Como hallazgos de interés encontramos inmunoreactividad para proteína S-100, en relación inversa al contenido de melanina, positividad en los melanomas desmoplásicos y se logró demostrar no solo en el citoplasma sino también en el núcleo de las células tumorales, a diferencia de la Enolasa Neuronal específica y la Vimentina de localización únicamente citoplasmática. En conclusión el estudio ultraestructural y la investigación inmunohistoquímica simultánea, para proteína S-100, Vimentina y Enolasa Neuronal Específica se recomienda para un mejor diagnóstico de melanoma


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Melanoma/immunology , Melanoma/ultrastructure
18.
In. Vargas Arenas, Rafael. Curso de actualización en medicina interna "Dr. Hernán Wuani Ettedgui": inmunología 1997. Caracas, Litopar C.A de Artes Gráficas, 28 jun. 1997. p.53-60.
Monography in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-251919
19.
Dermatol. venez ; 35(1): 39-43, 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-212614

ABSTRACT

El descubrimiento del FK506 (tracolimus), al igual que la ciclosporina A, introdujo un cambio sustancial en la terapeútica inmunodepresora, haciendo posible controlar selectivamente importantes respuestas inmunitarias sin provocar toxicidad celular generalizada. La acción del FK506, un macrólido obtenido de hongos, queda cicunscrita a inhibir las funciones de determinados linfocitos T, como consecuencia de su asociación a moléculas específicas denominadas inmunofilinas o proteínas fijadoras de FK506 (FKBPs) que se encuentran en el citoplasma de estas células, dando como resultado la inhibición de la actividad fosfatasa de la calcineurina e impidiendo la transcripción del gen de la interleucina-2 (IL-2) y otras citocinas. En el presente artículo, se revisa la farmacología del FK506, indicaciones terapéuticas aprobadas, y las respectivas para uso en enfermedades autoinmunes y procesos dermatológicos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cyclosporine/therapeutic use , Pharmacology/organization & administration , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage
20.
Dermatol. venez ; 35(4): 146-50, 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-256870

ABSTRACT

El antígeno carcionoembrionario (CEA) es una glicoproteína de composición heterogénea, normalmente detectada en las células epiteliales fetales y en gran variedad de carcinomas, particularmente en adenocarcinomas del tuvo digestivo (incluyendo páncreas). Por esta característica es referido como un antígeno oncofetal. También se ha observado en la piel en las glándulas apocrinas y ecrinas y en sus tumores, en la Enfermedad de Paget mamaria y extramamaria y en la mayoría de adenocarcinomas metastásicos. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión de usos en dermopatología


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Carcinoembryonic Antigen/therapeutic use , Apocrine Glands/abnormalities , Eccrine Glands/abnormalities , Neoplasms/diagnosis , Paget Disease, Extramammary/diagnosis , Paget's Disease, Mammary/diagnosis , Skin Diseases/diagnosis
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