Aerobic digestibility of waste aerobic granular sludge (AGS) assessed by respirometry, physical-chemical analyses, modeling and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Research has evolved on aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process, but still there are very few studies on the treatment of excess AGS sludge, with almost none considering its aerobic digestion. Here therefore, the aerobic digestibility of typical AGS sludge was assessed. Granules were produced from acetate-based synthetic wastewater (WW) and were subjected to aerobic digestion for 64 d. The stabilization process was monitored over time through physical-chemical parameters, oxygen uptake rates (OUR) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbial analyses revealed that the cultivated granules were dominated by slow-growing bacteria, mainly ordinary heterotrophic organisms with potential for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) aerobic storage (PHA-OHOs), polyphosphate and glycogen accumulating organisms (PAOs and GAOs), fermentative anaerobes and nitrifiers (AOB and NOB). Differential abundance analysis of the bacterial data (before versus after digestion) discriminated between the most vulnerable microbiome genera and those most resistant to aerobic digestion. Furthermore, modeling of the stabilization process determined that the endogenous decay rate constant (bH) for the heterotrophs present in the granules was notably low; bH = 0.05 d-1 (average), four times less than for common activated sludge (AS), which is rated at 0.2 d-1. For first time, the research reveals another important feature of AGS sludge, i.e. the slow-decaying character of its bacteria (along with their known slow-growing character). This results in slower stabilization, need of bigger digesters and reconsideration of the specific OUR limits in biosolids regulations (SOUR limit of 1.5 mg/gTSS.h), for waste AGS compared to conventional waste AS. The study suggests that aerobic digestion of waste AGS (fully-granulated) could differ from that of conventional AS. Future work is needed on aerobic digestibility of real AGS sludges from municipal and industrial WWs, compared to synthetic WWs.

A baseline assessment of hydrologic alteration degree for the Mexican catchments at gauged rivers (2016).

River regime has been modified in several freshwater bodies around the world. This alteration has led to species loss, water pollution, higher or lesser economic profits, changes in magnitude, timing, duration and rate change of flow, among others. Thus, hydrologic alteration assessment allows evaluating the regime parameters so that stakeholders, decision-makers, and dams managers may take efficient actions to mitigate or rehabilitate riparian ecosystems. In the present study, Hydrologic Alteration Indexes on Rivers (IAHRIS, for its acronym in Spanish) and the Mexican standard approach were considered to evaluate 1150 gauged catchments in Mexico and come up with an alteration baseline for 67.03% of the country surface. The comparison may assist stakeholders to propose potential changes in the Mexican standard approach. Results reveal that 232 analyzed catchments can be considered as non-altered according to IAHRIS. In stark contrast, there are 281 non-altered catchments in Mexico in agreement with the official standard approach. Altered catchments are mainly impacted by minimum flow metrics and connectivity discharge. Additionally, the correlation between alteration indexes and 5 socio-economic variables was checked to identify which variables may greatly impact hydrologic alteration evolution or mitigation. From the five selected variables, the Human Development Index is significatively correlated to extreme minimum metrics (p = 0.94) while the Gross Domestic Product to extreme maximum metrics (p = 0.90).

The relationship between etiology, symptom severity and indications of surgery in cases of anal incontinence: a 25-year analysis of 1,046 patients at a tertiary coloproctology practice.

BACKGROUND: The etiology of anal incontinence (AI) is often multifactorial. There is little data on the relationship between the etiology of AI, symptom severity, and the need for surgery. The aim of our study was to investigate this association in a large number of unselected patients with AI referred to a tertiary specialist coloproctological practice. METHODS: Patients with AI seen at our unit between 1983 and 2008 were analyzed. The main etiologies were categorized as congenital, traumatic, neurologic, idiopathic, post-operative, post-obstetric, secondary to rectal prolapse, or inflammatory bowel disease. The severity of AI was graded using the validated Pescatori incontinence scale. RESULTS: Overall, 1,046 patients were studied. The AI score was higher in patients with congenital (4.7 ± 1.1), traumatic (4.6 ± 1.4), and neurological (4.4 ± 1.2) incontinence. Surgical treatment was indicated in 214 cases (20.5%). Patients with AI related to trauma and congenital anomalies required surgery in 43.5 and 31.4% of cases, respectively, a percentage significantly higher than that for patients with other etiologies (P = 0.002). Prolapse-related AI usually responded to correction of the prolapse. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with congenital, traumatic, and neurological AI tend to have greater symptom severity. Traumatic, rectal prolapse-related, and congenital AI cases more often require surgery.

Colonic cavernous hemangiomas: a report of two cases treated by laparoscopic surgery.

Hemangiomas are rare vascular tumors. They most commonly appear in the small bowel, as well as the colon and the rectum. Here, we report two cases of male patients who were admitted to our hospital for low rectal painless bleeding, misdiagnosed of hemorrhoid bleeding. Colonoscopy reported vascular tumors in both cases, which we surgically removed.

[Synchronous diverticulitis: a case report.]. / Diverticulitis sincrónica: informe de un caso.

Diverticular colonic disease is not as common in developing nations as in western and industrialized societies, accounting for approximately 130 000 hospitalizations per year in the United States, being diverticulitis the most frequent complication. Synchronous presentation of this complication is very rare, with only one case reported in literature. We present a patient who presented with diffuse abdominal pain. Colonoscopy was performed identifying a mass in the sigmoid colon and a perforation in the cecum. Patient underwent total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and protective loop ileostomy. Histopathologic examination revealed synchronous complicated diverticular disease of the sigmoid and cecum. In this report we disclose this type of atypical presentation of diverticular disease and establish that the approach taken is safe and feasible.

Amyloid ß oligomers decrease hippocampal spontaneous network activity in an age-dependent manner.

Soluble amyloid beta (Abeta) oligomers might trigger early cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through the impairment of proper neuronal network function. We have recently shown that the short sequence Abeta(25-35) affects the spontaneous activity in hippocampal slices, when was added to the bath, at high nanomolar concentrations. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the effects of the oligomerized full length sequence Abeta(1-42) on the spontaneous network activity in the CA1 hippocampal area testing whether such effects are age dependent. By performing extracellular field recordings of spontaneous network activity of hippocampal slices, we found that an oligomerized solution of Abeta(1-42) (osAbeta) potently inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, the spontaneous hippocampal network activity with an IC(50) of 0.4 +/- 3.2 nM and a maximal effect reached around 10 nM. While spontaneous hippocampal network activity is unaffected by age, the sensitivity of spontaneous hippocampal network activity to osAbeta (10 nM) appears to be increased in slices from older animals. Moreover, to see a significant reduction in spontaneous network activity in slices from animals in their second week of life 100nM osAbeta was needed. The osAbeta-induced reduction in hippocampal network activity is accompanied by a presynaptic reduction in both spontaneous and miniature synaptic potentials. Finally, we demonstrated that the effect produced by osAbeta on spontaneous network activity was specific, reversible and unrelated with cell death. In conclusion, our data show that osAbeta alters hippocampal network activity at concentrations commonly observed in AD patients and that such effect of osAbeta increase with age.

[Pancreatic-duodenectomy for invasive colon cancer in a patient with Lynch syndrome. Case report.]. / Pancreatoduodenectomía por cáncer de colon invasor en un paciente con síndrome de Lynch; informe de un caso.

Despite the screening efforts in the general population and particularly in families with hereditary colon cancer, locally advanced colon cancer remains a common clinical problem. In block resection is considered mainstay therapy in these patients. The aim of this report is to present a case of right-sided colon cancer with a medullar phenotype invading the duodenum treated through in block resection. A case of a 54-year-old male with a family history of colon and pancreatic cancer with lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding is presented. Colonoscopy and computed tomography scan showed a tumor in the colonic hepatic flexure invading the duodenum. The patient underwent an in block resection of the right colon, duodenum, pancreas and antrum. The histopathological study showed a T4N0M0 adenocarcinoma invading the duodenum, pancreas and antrum with negative margins. His postoperative evolution was complicated with a pancreatic fistula, which resolved with conservative measures. In conclusion, in block resection is the treatment of choice for locally advanced colon cancer with invasion to duodenum and pancreas and should be performed in high-volume centers familiar with this type of procedures. Key words: pancreaticoduodenectomy, colon cancer, Lynch syndrome, pancreas, surgery, Mexico.

Magnesio en la enfermedad renal crónica / No disponible

No disponible

Super-oxidized solution inhibits IgE-antigen-induced degranulation and cytokine release in mast cells.

Activation of the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilonRI) through IgE-antigen complexes induces mast cell degranulation, synthesis of lipid mediators and cytokine production. These effects are involved in Type I hypersensitivity reactions and controlling them has been the main objective of many anti-allergic therapies. Here we report that pretreatment of murine bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) with super-oxidized solution (SOS) inhibits Fc epsilonRI dependent-beta hexosaminidase and cytokine release. This effect is exerted without altering total protein tyrosine phosphorylation, MAPK activation, cytokine mRNA accumulation or calcium mobilization after Fc epsilonRI triggering. Our data suggest that this neutral pH-SOS acts like a mast cell-membrane stabilizer inhibiting the cell machinery for granule secretion without altering the signal transduction pathways induced by IgE-antigen receptor crosslinking.

Cinta suburetral transobturatriz (TOT) en la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo: continencia a mediano plazo y evolución de los síntomas irritativos vesicales / Transobturator tape (TOT) for stress urinary incontinence

Objetivos: Evaluar la continencia urinaria a mediano plazo en las pacientes sometidas a cirugía de incontinencia urinaria con cinta suburetral transobturatriz (TOT) y comparar esta técnica con la técnica de Burch, Marion y puntos de Kelly. Método Evaluación prospectiva de 74 pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo sometidas a alguna de las técnicas señaladas entre Octubre de 2003 y Mayo de 2005 en el Hospital Parroquial de San Bernardo. Se realizó TOT en 52, Burch en 9, Marion en 9 y Kelly en 4 pacientes. Las pacientes fueron evaluadas en el seguimiento post operatorio por un médico diferente al que realizó la cirugía. Resultados: El seguimiento promedio para el TOT fue 10,6, Burch 14,8, Marion 11,3 y Kelly 8,6 meses. La continencia total o parcial fue para TOT 88 por ciento, Burch 77 por ciento, Marion 62 por ciento y Kelly 75 por ciento. La continencia a 18 meses para el TOT fue de 80 por ciento, Burch 71 por ciento y Marion 40 por ciento. Las pacientes que se sometieron sólo a TOT mantienen la continencia urinaria en un 100 por ciento, significativamente mejor al 81,9 por ciento de las que se sometieron a otro procedimiento quirúrgico asociado. La urgencia miccional desapareció en el TOT en 82 por ciento, Burch 66 por ciento, Marion 71 por ciento y Kelly en el 100 por ciento de las pacientes. La urgencia de novo apareció con TOT en 12 por ciento, Burch 33 por ciento y en ninguna paciente del grupo de Marion o Kelly. Conclusiones: La técnica de TOT tiene excelentes resultados sobre la continencia a mediano plazo y esta se logra con más frecuencia cuando se realizó como procedimiento único. Los síntomas irritativos vesicales ceden en un porcentaje importante de pacientes, independiente de la técnica utilizada.

Objectives: Medium term evaluation of urinary incontinence in patients treated with transobturator tape (TOT) compared to Burch. Marion and Kelly technique. Method: Prospective evaluation of 74 patients with stress urinary incontinence, treated with the mentioned techniques between October 2003 and May 2005 at Hospital Parroquial of San Bernardo. There were 52 TOT, 9 Burch, 9 Marion and 4 Kelly surgeries performed. Patients were all evaluated by other physician different from the one who made the procedure. flesu/fs;The patients were followed up for an average of 10.6 months for TOT, 14,8 months for Burch, 11.3 for Marion, and 8,6 for Kelly. Total or partial continence was achieved in 88 percent of TOT, 77 percent of Burch, 62 percent of Marion and 75 percent of Kelly. Continence within 18 months was obtained in 80 percent of TOT, 71 percent of Burch and 40 percent of Marion submitted patients. Patients who underwent TOT only, had 100 percent continence rates, significantly higher than those who underwent another associated surgical procedure. Micturition urgency disappeared in 82 percent of TOT, 66 percent of Burch, 71 percent of Marion and 100 percent of Kelly surgery. De novo urgency appeared in 12 percent for TOT, 33 percent for Burch and in none of either Marion or Kelly group. Conclusions: The TOT surgical technique has excellent rates of urinary continence evaluated at medium term. Continence rates are best when TOT was performed as the only surgical procedure. Urinary irritating symptoms disappear in a good percentage of patients regardless of the surgical technique chosen.

Caracterización bioquímica de cepas de staphylococcus sp. aisladas de muestras clínicas / Biochemical characterization of strains of Staphylococcus sp isolated from clinical samples

Por el creciente rol en infecciones humanas de cepas de género Staphylococcus, en especial coagulasa negativas y el interés por conocer las especies involucradas, se estudiaron 100 cepas de Staphylococcus sp aisladas de diferentes muestras clínicas de pacientes hospitalizados y llevadas al laboratorio de Microbiología del Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke de Viña del Mar, Chile. El estudio abarcó un número considerable de pruebas bioquímicas y morfológicas, según los esquemas propuestos por Schleifer-Kloos y Kloos-Schleifer. Se obtuvieron 5 grupos de cepas bien definidas, un grupo que incluyó a 43 cepas coagulasa positivas se identificó con la cepa tipo de S. aureus, aisladas especialmente de procesos supurativos. Los cuatro grupos restantes fueron todos coagulasa negativos, el primer grupo con 25 cepas fue identificado con S. epidermidis, el segundo grupo con 20 cepas fue identificado con S. hominis, el tercero con 8 cepas se identificó como S. haemolyticus y el cuarto grupo con 4 cepas con S. saprophyticus. Destacándose que la mayoría de las especies coagulasa negativas se aislaron de sangre en especial S. hominis, se hacen consideraciones sobre el presunto rol que estas especies jugarían en los procesos infecciosos y la correcta identificación de las especies del género Staphylococcus

Taxonomía numérica de estafilococos aislados de muestras clínicas / Numerical taxonomy of staphylococcus isolated from clinical samples

A toxonomic study of 82 strains of Staphylococci and 6 reference samples isolated from clinical cases was carried out. Results of 47 phenotype tests were submitted to a numerical analysis using the similarity coefficient of Sokal and Michener and a grouping technique (UPGMA). Based on a 75 similarity level, 4 phenons were identified. 37 strains identified as S aureus were grouped in phenon A; 32 strains of S hominis in phenon B; 5 strains of S epidermidis in phenon C and 8 strains of S ssp in phenon D

Family aggregation in Bell's palsy.

Some authors have reported a familial aggregation in Bell's paralysis. However, the information so far forthcoming is unsatisfactory and even contradictory. Our survey consisted of 115 patients, 30.5% of whom had an affected first-degree relative, which, compared with the control group figure of 3.6%, is highly significant. The frequency of 30.5% of families with an affected first-degree relative is the highest reported in literature.