ABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: Hemospray® es un nuevo dispositivo para hemostasia endoscópica utilizado para el sangrado gastrointestinal no variceal. Permite la hemostasia mediante la activación plaquetaria y el aumento de la concentración de factores de coagulación, así como la formación de una barrera mecánica sobre la pared de un vaso sangrante creando un tapón mecánico en el sitio de sangrado. Dentro de las principales indicaciones para su uso se encuentran lesiones de difícil acceso endoscópico, hemorragia gastrointestinal masiva, múltiples sitios de sangrado, modificación de la anatomía por terapia endoscópica previa, presencia de coagulopatía, dificultad para tener visualización directa o cuando es imposible tener contacto con la lesión sangrante. Sin embargo, su uso en niños aún no ha sido aprobado por la FDA. Existe un caso publicado de un paciente de 11 meses tratado exitosamente con Hemospray® por hemorragia gastrointestinal no variceal. Caso clínico: Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 2 años con falla hepática aguda y cirrosis biliar primaria con hipertensión portal y sangrado post-escleroterapia. Se analizó el caso para sustentar las nuevas terapias para el control del sangrado masivo en úlceras post-escleroterapia. Conclusiones: La aplicación demostró ser segura y sin efectos adversos. El uso de Hemospray® es una alternativa efectiva en el control del sangrado gastrointestinal.
Abstract: Background: Hemospray® is a new device for endoscopic hemostasis used for non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding. It enables hemostasis and platelet activation by increasing the concentration of clotting factors and forming a mechanical barrier on the wall of a bleeding vessel creating a mechanical plug at the site of bleeding. Within the main indications for use are: injuries with difficult endoscopic access, massive gastrointestinal bleeding, multiple bleeding sites, modification of the anatomy by previous endoscopic therapy, presence of coagulopathy, difficulty in having direct visualization or when it is impossible to have contact with the bleeding lesion. However, its use in children has not been approved yet by the FDA. There is a case report of an 11-month-old patient successfully treated with Hemospray® for non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical case: We report the case of a 2-year-old female with acute liver failure and primary biliary cirrhosis with portal hypertension and bleeding after sclerotherapy. We analyzed the case to support new therapies for massive bleeding control in post-sclerotherapy esophageal ulcers. Conclusions: The application showed to be safe without side effects. Using Hemospray® is an effective alternative in controlling gastrointestinal bleeding.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hemospray® is a new device for endoscopic hemostasis used for non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding. It enables hemostasis and platelet activation by increasing the concentration of clotting factors and forming a mechanical barrier on the wall of a bleeding vessel creating a mechanical plug at the site of bleeding. Within the main indications for use are: injuries with difficult endoscopic access, massive gastrointestinal bleeding, multiple bleeding sites, modification of the anatomy by previous endoscopic therapy, presence of coagulopathy, difficulty in having direct visualization or when it is impossible to have contact with the bleeding lesion. However, its use in children has not been approved yet by the FDA. There is a case report of an 11-month-old patient successfully treated with Hemospray® for non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding. CLINICAL CASE: We report the case of a 2-year-old female with acute liver failure and primary biliary cirrhosis with portal hypertension and bleeding after sclerotherapy. We analyzed the case to support new therapies for massive bleeding control in post-sclerotherapy esophageal ulcers. CONCLUSIONS: The application showed to be safe without side effects. Using Hemospray® is an effective alternative in controlling gastrointestinal bleeding.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although gastrointestinal tract bleeding can occur at any age, most studies trying to establish causes or risk factors for its development have been conducted in adults. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors in children admitted in a pediatric intensive care unit. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Children who developed upper gastrointestinal bleeding children during their stay at the intensive care unit were considered the cases. Variables were obtained from medical records including age, sex, nutritional status, mechanical ventilation, use of nasogastric tube, development of complications, presence of coagulopathy, use of prophylaxis for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, fasting and use of steroids. Using a multivariate analysis, risk factors were identified, with odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) calculations. RESULTS: Out of 165 patients, 58 had upper gastrointestinal bleeding (35 %). Risk factors identified were prolonged clotting times (OR = 3.35), thrombocytopenia (OR = 2.39), development of sepsis (OR = 6.74) or pneumonia (OR = 4.37). Prophylaxis for upper gastrointestinal bleeding was not a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding frequency in children hospitalized in an intensive care unit was high. Identifying risk factors should help to reduce upper gastrointestinal bleeding frequency.
INTRODUCCIÓN: si bien el sangrado del tubo digestivo puede producirse a cualquier edad, la mayoría de los estudios que buscan establecer las causas o factores de riesgo para su desarrollo se ha realizado en adultos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores de riesgo en los niños hospitalizados en una unidad de terapia intensiva pediátrica. MÉTODOS: se llevó a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles. Se consideró como casos a los niños que presentaron sangrado digestivo alto durante su estancia en terapia intensiva. Las variables se obtuvieron de los expedientes clínicos: edad, sexo, estado nutricional, ventilación mecánica, uso de sonda nasogástrica, desarrollo de complicaciones, presencia de coagulopatía, uso de profilaxis para sangrado digestivo alto, ayuno y uso de esteroides. Mediante análisis multivariado se identificaron los factores de riesgo, con cálculo de razón de momios e intervalos de confianza de 95 %. RESULTADOS: de 165 pacientes, 58 presentaron sangrado digestivo alto (35 %). Los factores de riesgo identificados fueron tiempos de coagulación prolongados (RM = 3.35), plaquetopenia (RM = 2.39), desarrollo de sepsis (RM = 6.74) o neumonía (RM = 4.37). La profilaxis para sangrado digestivo alto no fue factor protector. CONCLUSIONES: la frecuencia de sangrado digestivo alto en los niños hospitalizados en cuidados intensivos fue alta. La identificación de los factores de riesgo debe ayudar a disminuir la frecuencia del sangrado digestivo alto.
