Bacteria and pesticides: a new aspect of interaction--involvement of a new biofactor.

Positively charged hydrophobic pesticides of the dipyridyl family [diquat, paraquat, benzylviologen (BV++), etc.] were shown to provoke accumulation of 2-methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol-2,4- cyclopyrophosphate in the cells Corynebacterium (Brevibacterium) ammoniagenes while neutral dipyridyls were not. Hydrophobicity was also an important factor in this phenomenon. Of the other pesticides tested, only linuron was effective. BV++ also induced biosynthesis of the compound in Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Rh.ruber, Rh.sp. (Nocardia corynebacteroides). These microorganisms as well as most of the previously identified oxidative stress activated producers of this new cyclopyrophosphate were able to synthesize free radical generating compounds. The microorganisms concerned belong mainly to the order Actinomycetales.

[X-RAY PHASE ANALYSIS OF THE TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF Act. roseoflavus var. roseofungini]. / Rentgenofazovyi analiz trubchatykh struktur Act. roseoflavus var. roseofungini

Crystallinity of tubular structures of Act. roseoflavus var. roseofungini obtained from both the initial culture and the dedifferentiating fructose mutant was shown with the method of roentgen-phase analysis (the difractometric method with ionization registration of reflection)

[Makeup of the tubular structures of a stock culture of Act. roseoflavus var. roseofungini]. / Sostav trubchatykh struktur iskhodnoi kul'tury Act. roseoflavus var. roseofungini

The methods of spectral analysis, spectrophotometry, fluorescence and thin-layer chromatography were used for the study of the composition of the tubular structures of the initial culture of Act. roseoflavus var. roseofungini. It was found that they contained a complex of antibiotics (roseofungin and its analogs), Ca, Mg, Na, K, Si and a significant amount of the third non-identified component in the antibiotic complex.

[Production of tubular structures from the aerial mycelium of Actinomyces roseoflavus var. roseofungini]. / Poluchenie trubchatykh struktur iz vozdushnogo mitseliia Actinomyces roseoflavus var. roseofungini

Tubular formations analogous by their structure to those found on the surface of the outer sheath of the hyphae of the aerial mycelium of Actinomyces roseoflavus var. roseofungini were reconstructed in vitro from the mycelium acetone extract on addition of water. A polyenic antibiotic was shown to be present in the composition of the "tubes". A possible role of the antibiotic in the genesis of the secondary structures of the actinomycete is discussed.

[Conditions for the self-organization of submicroscopic structures from mycelial extracts of the "fructose" variant of Actinomyces roseflavus var. roseofungini]. / Usloviia samoorganizatsii submikroskopicheskikh struktur iz ékstraktov mitseliia "fruktoznogo" varianta Actinomyces roseoflavus var. roseofungini

Self-organization of various submicroscopic formations, such as "tubes", "ribbons", etc. differing in ultrastructure and containing a polyenic antibiotic was observed in acetone extracts of the mycelium of the "fructose" variant of Actinomyces roseoflavus var. roseofungini. Conditions for separate isolation of the above structures are described. Concentration of the extract and the ratio of the volumes of water added to the extract are determinant for the process of self-organization. A possibility of reorganization of the tubular structures into the ribbon-like ones and vice versa is shown.