Progressive increase of human papillomavirus carriage rates in potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders with increasing malignant potential.

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the potential role of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in potentially malignant oral disorders, oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral lichen planus (OLP), and in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) in an Eastern Hungarian population with a high incidence of OSCC. METHODS: Excised tumor samples (65 OSCC patients) and exfoliated cells from potentially malignant lesions (from 44 and 119 patients with OL and OLP, respectively) as well as from healthy controls (72 individuals) were analysed. OLPs were classified based on clinical appearance, 61 patients had erosive-atrophic lesions (associated with higher malignancy risk, EA-OLP) and 58 had non-erosive non-atrophic lesions (with lower risk of becoming malignant, non-EA-OLP), respectively. Exfoliated cells collected from apparently healthy mucosa accompanied each lesion sample. HPV was detected by MY/GP polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by restriction analysis of amplimers. Copy numbers in lesions were determined using real-time PCR. Prevalence rates, copy number distributions, and association with risk factors and diseases were analysed using chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS: We detected HPVs significantly more frequently in lesions than in controls (P < or = 0.001 in all comparisons). HPV prevalence increased gradually with increasing severity of lesions (32.8, 40.9, and 47.7% in OLP, OL, and OSCC, respectively). Copy number distribution patterns roughly corresponded to prevalence rates, but OLP and OL were comparable. HPV prevalence differed significantly between EA-OLP and non-EA-OLP groups (42.6 vs. 22.4%); EA-OLP group showed a prevalence similar to that found in OL. CONCLUSION: HPVs may be involved in the development or progression of not only OSCC but also of potentially malignant oral lesions.

Increased expression of TRPV1 in squamous cell carcinoma of the human tongue.

OBJECTIVES: Recent reports have unambiguously identified the presence and the growth-modulatory role of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), a central integrator of pain sensation, on numerous non-neuronal cell types and, of great importance, in certain malignancies. In this study, we have investigated the molecular expression of TRPV1 in the human tongue and its high-incidence malignant (squamous cell carcinoma, SCC) and premalignant (leukoplakia) conditions. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and quantitative 'real-time' Q-PCR were performed to define the expression of TRPV1. RESULTS: A weak and sparse TRPV1-specific immunoreactivity was identified in the basal layers of the healthy human tongue epithelium. By contrast, we observed a dramatically elevated TRPV1-immunoreactivity in all layers of the epithelium both in precancerous and malignant samples. Furthermore, statistical analysis revealed that the marked overexpression of TRPV1 found in all grades of SCC showed no correlation with the degree of malignancy of the tumours. Finally, the molecular expression of TRPV1 was also identified in an SCC-derived cell line and was shown to be increased in parallel with the accelerated growth of the cells. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our findings identify TRPV1 as a novel, promising target molecule in the supportive treatment and diagnosis of human tongue SCC.

High co-prevalence of genogroup 1 TT virus and human papillomavirus is associated with poor clinical outcome of laryngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The aetiology and factors leading to the progression of laryngeal cancer are still unclear. Although human papillomavirus (HPV) has been suggested to play a role, reports concerning the effect of HPV infection on tumour development are controversial. Recently, transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) was suggested to play a role in certain infections as a causative or coinfecting agent. AIMS: To investigate whether the development and progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with coinfection with TTV and HPV. METHODS: The prevalence of TTV and HPV was investigated using the polymerase chain reaction in tissue samples from 40 healthy individuals, 10 patients with recurrent papillomatosis, five patients with papillomatosis with malignant transformation, and 25 patients with laryngeal carcinoma. The obtained prevalence data were compared and analysed statistically. RESULTS: In the 11 patients with carcinoma who had metastasis or relapse there was a high rate of coinfection with genogroup 1 TTV and HPV (eight of 11), whereas in the 14 without tumour progression no coinfection was found. Coinfection was associated with significantly lower tumour free survival in patients with carcinoma (p < 0.001). Furthermore, four of five patients who had papillomatosis with malignant transformation were coinfected with genogroup 1 TTV and HPV. CONCLUSIONS: Although the nature of cooperation between HPV and TTV needs to be investigated further, coinfection with genogroup 1 TTV and HPV appears to be associated with poor clinical outcome in laryngeal cancer.

Interleukin-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in apical periodontitis: correlation with clinical and histologic findings of the involved teeth.

Apical periodontitis is characterized by the presence of immunocompetent cells producing a wide variety of inflammatory mediators. Releasing cytokines with long-range action, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), apical periodontitis may induce changes in remote organs of the host. This study quantified the levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF in symptomatic and asymptomatic human periradicular lesions. Lesions were also characterized by size and histologic findings. Tissue samples were homogenized and supernatants were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlations between cytokine levels and characteristic features (as single variables) of the lesions were analysed. There was a trend for higher levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF in symptomatic than in asymptomatic lesions, but the difference was not significant. Levels also tended to be higher in large than in small lesions, in polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell-rich than in PMN cell-poor samples, and in epithelialized than in non-epithelialized lesions. Significantly higher levels of IL-6 (778.1 +/- 220.5 pg/microg) and GM-CSF (363.3 +/- 98.4 pg/microg) were found in samples coincidentally possessing symptomatic and epithelialized features than in asymptomatic, small, PMN cell-poor, non-epithelialized lesions (IL-6: 45.2 +/- 13.1 pg/microg and GM-CSF: 135.1 +/- 26.4 pg/microg). These results suggest that symptomatic lesions containing epithelial cells represent an immunologically active stage of apical periodontitis, whereas asymptomatic, small, PMN cell-poor, non-epithelialized lesions represent healing apical lesions.

[Prevalence of the various types of periapical lesions and the significance of histologic evaluation]. / A periapicalis laesiók típusainak prevalenciája, a szövettani értékelés jelentósége.

To determine the prevalence of radicular cyst and chronic apical periodontitis among human periapical lesions 299 lesions were analysed during the past 6 years. The specimen were obtained during extraction or endodontic surgery. Of the lesions assessed, 195 (65.2%) were found histopathologically to be cystic, 96 (32.1%) were diagnosed as chronic apical periodontitis and 8 (2.7%) were observed as "other lesion". Studies to determine the diagnostic features and prevalence of these lesions have failed to reach a consensus view, though the treatment and the prognosis may differ to the lesion present.

[Screening of patients referred to our clinic for odontogenic focal diseases]. / Odontogén gócszürésre beutalt betegek vizsgálata.

During 1997 and 1998 261 patients suffering from suspected focal diseases were investigated for the presence of persisting chronic inflammatory disorders in the oral cavity. In 83% of the patients pulp necrosis, chronic inflammation of the apical area and the periodontal tissues could be revelated. The most commonly diagnosed disorders were pulp necrosis, chronic apical periodontitis and periodontitis complicata respectively. Most frequently these diseases could be detected in chronic cardiac disorders, uveitis and dermatological diseases. In the future follow-up studies parallel with the elimination of the dental disorders monitoring of blood and serum parameters will be conducted in order to obtain data of th systemic effect of the persisting chronic dental diseases.

[The role of salivary immunoglobulins (secretory IgA, IgM, IgG) in caries prevalence and primary B-cell deficiency]. / A nyálimmunglobulinok (szekretoros IgA, IgM, IgG) mennyiségének és a cariesprevalencia közötti összefüggés vizsgálata deficienciákban (primer B-sejt).

The role of salivary immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) in caries etiology is not yet clearly known. Our aim was to study whether there might be a connection between the amount of immunoglobulins in the saliva and caries prevalence. It was found that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05 or less) in secretory IgA, IgM, IgG levels, as well as DMF-T, DMF-S (approx) indices between selective IgA deficient, hypogammaglobulinemic, and healthy children, who had primary teeth.

[Application and survival rate of partial fixed dentures with combined retainers (adhesion wing, inlay, onlay, overlay, crown)]. / Kombinált elhorgonyzású (adhéziós kar, inlay, onlay, overlay, korona) rögzített fogpótlások alkalmazása és túlélésének vizsgálata.

Bridges at least with two types of retainers (adhesive frame-work, inlay, onlay, overlay, or crown) might be called fixed partial dentures with combined retainers. The aim of the present study was to compare the fixed partial dentures with combined retainers made at our clinic between 1986 and 1996. In our study the cumulative proportional survival of the combined bridges was found 80%. Examining the loss of the combined bridges it seems that in the first year 1% of the bridges came off. The rest was lost between 12th and 48th months.

Prostatic involvement in bladder cancer. Prostate mapping in 20 cystoprostatectomy specimens.

Twenty prostate glands from patients with either high-grade papillary tumors (19 patients, 15 of whom also had peripheral carcinoma in situ) or multifocal carcinoma in situ (1 patient) of the bladder who underwent cystoprostatectomy were studied histologically by mapping. Prostatic duct involvement by urothelial carcinoma was noted in nine patients, two with extensive involvement and seven with focal involvement confined to periurethral ducts. Carcinoma in situ of the bladder was observed in each of the nine patients and intraepithelial permeation appeared to be the predominant manner of spread of cancer cells into the prostate. The prostatic involvement was clinically silent and it may be a potential source of failure of conservative modalities of treatment of high-grade bladder cancer. A routine diagnostic transurethral prostatic biopsy may be recommended in the workup of patients with carcinoma in situ and high-grade carcinomas of the bladder. An incidental observation was the presence of 14 occult prostatic adenocarcinomas.