ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The increase in alcohol consumption among young women has been the most striking change in drinking culture in Spain in recent years. This study sets out to examine how images and stories about alcohol consumption are presented on Instagram, the strategies for constructing them, and the impact of social norms, including gender norms, on the strategies of making alcohol consumption visible. METHODS: We have carried out a digital ethnography study in which different research techniques have been applied. We held 13 discussion groups, conducted a three-month period of observation on Instagram, and 38 in-depth interviews of young Spanish men and women between the ages of 15 and 24 (N = 118). RESULTS: The representation of alcohol consumption on Instagram by young people shows fashionable party spaces for shared disinhibition, fun and youth gatherings. This social network permits different types of alcohol advertising and promotion of the image associated with its consumption, and is thus a space that brands and influencers exploit. Young people avoid the diffusion on Instagram of images related to their heavy use of alcohol through particular strategies. They untag, delete or avoid using their smartphone; and they choose the audience to whom images are directed, and the areas of publication. The desire to be posting and exhibiting constantly converges with embarrassment and precaution with (un)known audiences. Gender is a key element for understanding the differences in the way in which posts on Instagram related to drinking and drunkenness affect young people. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that Instagram fosters the spreading of an ideal model of "alcohol consumption" online that tends to conceal the adverse effects of the substance, and that the online diffusion of behaviour concerning drinking is not gender-neutral.
Subject(s)
Alcoholic Intoxication , Social Media , Male , Adolescent , Humans , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Gender Identity , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Anthropology, CulturalABSTRACT
Este artículo aborda las cuestiones relativas a la aplicación del concepto género al Derecho penal, y por qué se reclama esta perspectiva en el abordaje de determinados problemas criminales que afectan mayormente a las mujeres. El estudio particular de los delitos sexuales por sumisión y vulnerabilidad química sirve para ilustrar este tema. Al respecto, se analiza su actual redacción, y también lo que señalan las propuestas más recientes de reforma de delitos sexuales sobre cómo deberían reformarse, en específico, estos supuestos delictivos. Se discuten los problemas que plantean una y otras, considerando los medios comisivos que se utilizan para llevarlos a cabo y los factores que los favorecen, vinculados al uso y/o abuso de sustancias psicoactivas y al género
This article tackles the issues concerning what it means to examine legislation - in this case, criminal law - with gender perspective, and why this perspective is required in addressing certain criminal problems that mostly affect women. The particular study of sex crimes involving chemical submission and chemical vulnerability serves to illustrate both issues. To this end, we analyze the legislation's current wording and also what the most recent proposals for the reform of sex offences state with regard to how these criminal cases, specifically, should be reformed. We discuss the problems that have been raised, considering the means of commission used to perpetrate them and the factors that contribute to them, linked to the use and/or abuse of psychoactive substances and to gender
