Employment in adults with cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic ill-health may significantly impact on an individual's ability to work. This not only relates to disease severity but also to psychosocial factors such as illness perception and coping strategies. AIMS: To explore the factors associated with employment status in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS: Subjects recruited from adult CF clinics in Aberdeen, Birmingham and Newcastle completed questionnaires assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL), workplace productivity (presenteeism) and employment. Clinical data indicative of disease severity were also recorded. RESULTS: A total of 254 subjects were recruited, 41 from Aberdeen, 63 from Birmingham and 150 from Newcastle. Sixty-five per cent of subjects were in employment or education. If employed/self-employed, median hours worked was 37.3h/week. Forty per cent reported stopping a job due to CF; 47% felt CF had affected career choice and 24% changed duties because of CF. Ten per cent had taken a pay cut and 23% reported workplace discrimination due to CF. Multivariate modelling demonstrated that employment status was independently associated with educational attainment, centre and the HRQoL domains of role and health perception and is independent of clinical parameters of disease severity. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with CF reported that CF impacted on their ability to work. Employment appeared to be most strongly associated with educational attainment, locality and HRQoL domains and not clinical parameters of severity. Specific guidance is needed for both adults with CF and potential employers, with appropriate targeted interventions aimed at improving health perceptions and coping strategies.

2-Aminopurine abolishes epidermal growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of complexed and chromatin-associated forms of a 33 kDa phosphoprotein.

We have recently reported that several purified polypeptide mitogens such as epidermal growth factor, embryonal carcinoma-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and Bombesin induce the rapid appearance of a 33 kDa chromatin-associated phosphoprotein in the nuclei of murine fibroblasts. We show here that in both mouse and human cell lines, a second form of the 33 kDa phosphoprotein exists in a detergent-extractable complexed form which may be pelleted by ultracentrifugation. When quiescent [32P]-labelled cells are treated with EGF, both complexed and chromatin-associated forms of the labelled phosphoprotein are detectable within 10 min, the response peaking at about 1 h and being substantially over 3 h after EGF stimulation. By chymotryptic and cyanogen bromide phosphopeptide mapping studies, the two forms of the 33 kDa phosphoprotein are indistinguishable, as are the mouse and human forms of the protein. The protein kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine, which has recently been shown to block growth factor-stimulated c-fos and c-myc induction, specifically abolishes the mitogen-stimulated appearance of both forms of the 33 kDa phosphoprotein without affecting the phosphorylation of other cellular proteins. The 33 kDa protein has been purified from Hela cells by a combination of sucrose density gradient centrifugation, preparative electrophoresis and reverse-phase HPLC during which the protein is resolved into two closely-eluting peaks which differ markedly in their specific activity. These results are discussed in relation to the possible role of these events in coupling growth factor-receptor interaction at the cell surface to the early responses of transcriptional activation in the nucleus.