ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: South Asians have a high tendency to develop type 2 diabetes even at low BMI. We evaluated serum leptin levels in a group of non-obese type 2 diabetics. METHODS: An observational study conducted on 90 subjects, 55 with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 35 normal controls (non-diabetics). BMI, waist circumference, serum leptin, and serum glucose were measured. The correlation between these variables was studied by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Serum leptin levels were positively correlated with BMI in obese (r = 0.976) and non-obese diabetics (r = 0.956). Serum leptin was related with diabetes (r = -0.153, p = 0.001). Serum leptin was highly correlated with waist circumference in obese than non-obese diabetics, (r = 0.753). Mean serum leptin level was 21.4 etag/ml in non-obese diabetics and 34.9 etag/ml in diabetic group. It is even lower than the non-obese, non-diabetics (23.3 etag/ml). Multivariate linear regression analysis between leptin and age, weight, BMI, waist circumference in patients shows only a strong association with BMI in diabetics (p = 0.0001), while in non-diabetic it was not significant (p = 0.07). Serum leptin was high in diabetics taking oral hypoglycaemic (37.8 +/- 19.1 etag/ml), while it was low in diabetics taking insulin injections (29.3 +/- 24.2 etag/ml). CONCLUSION: Low leptin levels are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of changes in BMI.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Leptin/blood , Adult , Aged , Anthropometry , Blood Glucose/analysis , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is a highly invasive, devastating and usually fatal fungal infection of the sinuses, brain, or lungs that occurs primarily in people with immune disorders. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, a high mortality still exists. We present a middle aged diabetic male with this serious fungal infection involving nose, paranasal area and adjacent periorbital regions with a high risk of progressing further towards the dura mater. He was promptly diagnosed and managed with serial surgical debridements with systemic antifungals and was later fitted with a nasal prosthesis.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Complications/diagnosis , Diabetes Complications/therapy , Mucormycosis/diagnosis , Mucormycosis/therapy , Nose Diseases/diagnosis , Nose Diseases/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Diabetes Complications/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mucormycosis/pathology , Nose Diseases/pathology , OrbitABSTRACT
Lingual thyroid is a rare developmental abnormality. We describe a case of lingual thyroid in a 28 years old female who presented with symptoms of heroic snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. She was treated with surgery and was advised a life long thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
