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1.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc ; 35(1): 11-18, 2019 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31334498

ABSTRACT

Vector surveillance is an essential component of vector-borne disease prevention, but many communities lack resources to support extensive surveillance. The Great Arizona Mosquito Hunt (GAMH) was a collaborative citizen science project conducted during 2015-17 to enhance surveillance for Aedes aegypti in Arizona. Citizen science projects engage the public in scientific research in order to further scientific knowledge while improving community understanding of a specific field of science and the scientific process. Participating schools and youth organizations across the state conducted oviposition trapping for 1-4 wk during peak Ae. aegypti season in Arizona and returned the egg sheets to collaborating entomologists for identification. During the 3-year program, 120 different schools and youth organizations participated. Few participants actually collected Aedes eggs in their traps in 2015 or 2017, but about one-third of participants collected eggs during 2016, including 3 areas that were not previously reported to have Ae. aegypti. While relatively few new areas of Ae. aegypti activity were identified, GAMH was found to be a successful method of engaging citizen scientists. Future citizen science mosquito surveillance projects might be useful to further define the ecology and risk for vector-borne diseases in Arizona.


Subject(s)
Aedes , Animal Distribution , Citizen Science , Mosquito Vectors , Animals , Arizona , Ovum , Population Density , Population Surveillance
3.
J Infect Dis ; 209(6): 837-44, 2014 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24253286

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Herpesviruses have been linked to cognitive impairment in older individuals but little is known about the association in the general US population. METHODS: We determined whether cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) seropositivity were associated with cognitive impairment among children (aged 6-16 years) and adults aged 20-59 or ≥60 years, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. Linear and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between pathogen seropositivity and cognitive impairment. RESULTS: Among children, HSV-1 seropositivity was associated with lower reading and spatial reasoning test scores (ß, -0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.18 to -.21 and ß, -0.82; 95% CI, -1.29 to -.36, respectively). Among middle-aged adults, HSV-1 and CMV seropositivity were associated with impaired coding speed (odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.13-2.11, and OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09-1.82, respectively). CMV seropositivity was also associated with impaired learning and recall (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14-1.80). Among older adults, HSV-1 seropositivity was associated with immediate memory impairment (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.68-6.32). CONCLUSIONS: Future studies examining the biological pathways by which herpesviruses influence cognitive impairment across the life course are warranted.


Subject(s)
Cognition Disorders/psychology , Cognition Disorders/virology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/psychology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology , Herpes Simplex/psychology , Herpes Simplex/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Child , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cytomegalovirus Infections/epidemiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology , Female , Herpes Simplex/epidemiology , Herpes Simplex/immunology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nutrition Surveys , United States/epidemiology , Young Adult
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