Creation and study of triterpenoid nanoparticles and radioprotective substance genistein.

This work is devoted to the study and obtaining of new radioprotective agents based on natural flavonoid genistein and spherical amorphous nanoparticles (SANPs) produced from a mixture of birch bark triterpenoids. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanoparticles were studied by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The radioprotective efficacy of the nanodrug in vivo and the possibility of its use as a radioprotective agent was shown.

[To the 80th anniversary of the 637th center of the state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance].

In March 2015 marked the 80th anniversary of the creation of the 637th Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. The date of establishment of the Centre is rooted in the pre-war period, when sanitary-epidemiological laboratories of the Black Sea Fleet were organized as a scientific and methodological institution. During the Great Patriotic War, as well as during the early postwar period, the staff of the Centre carried out valuable work on provision of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the Black Sea Fleet. Later, soldiers of the Center participated in the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident, fulfilling their international duty in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, on the island of Dahlak, as well as in the Chechen Republic during the anti-terrorist operation. During its existence, the Centre repeatedly reorganized and is now an institution that successfully solves the problem of ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the troops in the area of responsibility.

[Experimental Evaluation of Radioprotective Efficacy of Synthetic Genistein on Criteria of Glutathione System and Lipid Peroxidation in Erythrocytes of Peripheral Blood in Irradiated Rats].

The study was aimed to evaluate experimentally the radioprotective effectiveness of synthetic genistein in terms of the glutathione system and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of irradiated rats. The animals were exposed to single acute X-ray irradiation at a dose of 6 Gy. Genistein was administered intraperitoneally at 200 mg/kg 1 hour before radiation exposure. The irradiation caused the initiation of lipid peroxidation in the background depletion of reduced glutathione. Decrease by 25% in the number of malondialdehyde in the rats treated with genistein was registered 5 min after irradiation compared with the control. It is established thatl day after irradiation the level of reduced glutathione in the rats treated with genistein was 26% higher. However, intraperitoneal administration of genistein did not cause statistically significant changes in the activity of glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase during the whole period of observation. The results suggest that the radioprotective effect of synthetic genistein is implemented, along with other mechanisms, by stimulating the glutathione system and reducing the severity of lipid peroxidation.

[Radiomitigators: prospects for use in medical radiation protection].

Prospects of creation and use of radiomitigators--the treatment-and-prophylactic means intended for rendering medical care by the victim of influence of ionizing radiation in the earliest terms after irradiation (hours, days) are presented. It is shown that the most effective radiomitigators are found among natural biopolymers of a microbic origin (a vaccine from bacteria of enterotyphus group, preparations of lipopolysaccharide or protein-polysaccharide components of these microbes). Very perspective such preparations as desoxinate, translame and flagellin are represented. The expressed radiomitigate properties such antioxidants as a-tocopherole, xantosine, caffeine, selenium methionine, inosine, guanosine and antioxidant complexes are possess. Among steroids the greatest interest represents 5-androstenediol. Radiomitigate properties have some cytokines, for example interleukine-1beta (betaleukine), trombopoetin, stem cell factor, and also their combination with colony stimulated factors. Tasks of increase of efficiency of medical radiation protection at early stages of a radiation injures are formulated.

[The experimental evaluation of antiradiation effectiveness of genistein by survival rates and bone marrow hemopoiesis of mice irradiated by X-rays].

The study was aimed at evaluating the radioprotective effectiveness of genistein administered at different times before or after acute irradiation. Evaluation ofradioprotective efficiency was performed by studying the 30-day survival rate, life expectancy, bone marrow hemapoiesis using the method of endogenous and exogenous colony formation. We have established that genistein at a dose of 200 mg/kg when administered 1 hour prior to irradiation has the highest radioprotective efficiency. In this case, genistein protects mice against death due to X-ray radiation at doses LD(50-90/30), increasing their survival rate by 30-44%, and reduces expression of post radiation disorders of bone marrow hematopoiesis.

[Experimental study of the therapeutic efficiency of the lithium salt of glutathione disulphide in the conditions of acute external gamma-irradiation].

Experimental studies on white outbred male mice subjected to gamma-irradiation at doses LD(80/30) have found that the therapeutic use of Litan contributes to the increase (by 40-50%) in the survival rate of the animals. Introduction to irradiated animals of Litan increases the intensity of the inclusion of 3H-thymidine in the DNA of the bone marrow cells and is associated with a growing number of splenic endogenous colonies, which can testify to the stimulating influence of the drug on the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, as well as on the deficit restoration of full-fledged mature cell forms in the peripheral blood.