Analysis of Substance Use and Mental Disorder Diagnoses in Adolescents with a History of Delinquency: a Cross-sectional Study.

This study aimed to evaluate substance use and comorbid mental disorders in delinquent adolescents presenting to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. This study included 47 adolescents aged 15-18 years and had a history of delinquency. Data were collected using the Addiction Profile Index Adolescent Form (API-A) and an information form. Results indicated that the adolescents' mean age is 16.11 ± 1.05 years, 78.7% had committed crimes against property and 34.0% against the person, and 34.0% were also victims of crime. Mean API-A total scores indicated that their level of substance use was low. In addition, mean API-A total scores showed significant differences according to the adolescents' migration status, age, economic status, school attendance, mental disorder diagnosis, duration of mental disorder, and type of offense (p < 0.05). The benefit provided by timely and appropriate psychosocial interventions may have a key role in solving this problem for adolescents and improving their future as adults.

University Students' Attitudes About Violence Against Women in the Name of Honor.

OBJECTIVE: This research was conducted to determine attitudes of university students toward violence aganist women in the name of honor. METHOD: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted with university students in Turkey. In addition to demographic information gathering, the following instruments were used to measure student attitudes: Introductory Information Form, Attitudes Toward Honor Scale, and Attitudes Toward Violence Against Women Scale. The high scores show the negative attitudes regarding the concept of honor. Analyses included descriptive statistics and analysis of variance with t tests, and alpha was set at 0.05. FINDINGS: Analyses were conducted on 1,038 surveys completed by students. Among the student participants, 686 (66.1%) were female, and the mean age was 20.51 ± 3.17 years. In all participants, 509 (49.0%) reported that they had been exposed to physical, verbal, sexual, or economic violence at least once in their lifetime; 151 (14.5%) had witnessed an honor killing in the social environment in which their families lived. The mean score of the Attitudes Toward Honor Scale (31.80 ± 15.84, max: 84) and Attitudes Toward Violence Against Women Scale (25.32 ± 9.36, max: 84) were found to be below the average. The mean scores on scales were found statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: University students do not approve of violence against women in the name of honor. However, some students, whose cultural characteristics were more dominant, tend to approve honor killings.

Relationship Between Caregivers' Care Burden and Their Social Functioning Perceptions Toward Addicted Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

AIM: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between social functioning perceptions of the caregivers toward their patients, and their perceived care burden. METHOD: The descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out between September 2017-September 2019 using two measurement tools, in addition to an introductory information form: the Burden Interview and Social Functioning Scale The study was conducted with caregivers of the 76 addict outpatients and inpatients of the Alcohol and Substance Addiction Treatment Center of a university hospital in Turkey. The study data were evaluated using descriptive statistical analysis and correlation analysis. RESULTS: Of the caregivers, 69.7% were female and had a mean age of 43.32 ± 13.35 years; 52.6% and 47.4% of the all caregivers provided care to substance abusers and alcohol abusers, respectively. Of the addicted individuals receiving care, 78.9% were male, 60.5% were single, and 56.6% were unemployed. The mean age of patients was found to be 35.94 ± 11.75 years, and patients had been given treatment for an average of 7.56 ± 7.26 years. It was found that as caregivers' total mean Social Functioning Scale scores and mean subscale scores increased, their mean Burden Interview scores decreased (p > .05), though this value was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: These results are important to support not only the addicted individual but also their caregiver, and to conduct the related treatment and care holistically.