ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare disease. In middle and low-income countries, specific resources are required for its diagnosis due to the lack of diagnostic tests and the variable response to plasma exchange, especially in the context of the new SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 9-year-old male Hispanic patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection, atypical presentation, and multisystem involvement, thrombotic microangiopathy with dermal manifestations, hematologic, renal, and neurologic involvement. The patient was followed up after SARS-CoV-2 infection, the PLASMIC score was applied, and a genetic study was performed. Ventilation and hemodynamic support, corticotherapy, immunoglobulins, plasma exchange, renal replacement therapy, and monoclonal antibodies were given without favorable response. CONCLUSIONS: TTP associated with SARS-CoV-2 in the pediatric population is rare. However, resources for the diagnosis, support, and management of patients with TTP are required to avoid fatal outcomes.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La púrpura trombocitopénica trombótica (PTT) adquirida es una enfermedad poco frecuente. En los países de mediano y bajo estatus económico se requieren recursos para el diagnóstico de la PTT, debido a la falta de pruebas diagnósticas y a la respuesta variable al recambio plasmático, especialmente en el contexto de la pandemia por el nuevo SARS-CoV-2. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de sexo masculino, de 9 años, hispano, con infección por SARS-CoV-2, presentación atípica y afectación multisistémica, microangiopatía trombótica con manifestaciones dérmicas, y compromiso hematológico, renal y neurológico. Se dio seguimiento posinfección por SARS-CoV-2, se aplicó la escala PLASMIC y se realizó un estudio genético. Se aplicaron soporte ventilatorio y hemodinámico, corticoterapia, inmunoglobulinas, recambio plasmático, terapia de reemplazo renal y anticuerpos monoclonales, sin respuesta favorable. CONCLUSIONES: La PTT asociada al SARS-CoV-2 en la población pediátrica es poco frecuente. Aun así, se requieren recursos para el diagnóstico, el soporte y el manejo de los pacientes con PTT para evitar desenlaces fatales.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/therapy , Child , Critical Illness , Hispanic or Latino , Humans , Male , Peru , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/complications , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/diagnosis , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/therapy , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Pediatric critical care patients with COVID-19 treated in Peru have higher mortality than those previously reported from other countries. Pediatric providers have reported a high number of patients without comorbidities presenting with hemorrhagic strokes associated with COVID-19. We present a study analyzing the factors associated with mortality in this setting. METHODS: Prospective case-control study that included patients <17 years old admitted to a pediatric critical care unit with a positive test confirming COVID-19. The primary outcome was mortality. Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Forty-seven patients were admitted to critical care. The mortality of our study is 21.3%. The mortality of patients with neurological presentation was 45.5%, which was significantly higher than the mortality of acute COVID-19 (26.7%) and MIS-C (4.8%), p 0.18. Other risk factors for mortality in our cohort were strokes and comorbidities. Only one patient presenting with hemorrhagic stroke had an undiagnosed comorbidity. CONCLUSION: Cerebrovascular events associated with COVID-19 in pediatric patients, including infants, must be recognized as one of the more severe presentations of this infection in pediatric patients. IMPACT: Pediatric patients with COVID-19 can present with hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes on presentation. Neurological presentation in pediatric patients with COVID-19 has high mortality. Mortality of pediatric patients with COVID-19 is associated with comorbidities. Pediatric presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 in different regions can be novel to previously described.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/complications , Hemorrhagic Stroke/epidemiology , SARS-CoV-2 , Adolescent , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Critical Care , Hemorrhagic Stroke/etiology , Hemorrhagic Stroke/mortality , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Peru/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Systemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeABSTRACT
Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo para las Infecciones del Torrente Sanguineo (ITS) asociados a Catéter Venoso Central (CVC) en pacientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN).Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohortes prospectivo en la UCIP deIINSN. Participantes: Pacientes admitidos en la UCIP-INSN entre el1 de junio del 2007 hasta el31 de mayo del 2008. Intervenciones: Ninguna. Medición de resultados: Desarrollo de ITS asociadas al uso de CVC desde la admisión hasta 48 horas después del alta de la UCIP. Resultados: De 183 pacientes, 99 (54 por ciento) fueron masculinos y 84 (46 por ciento) femeninos. La tasa de ITS asociadas a CVC fue 14.03 infecciones por 1000 días uso CVC. Encontramos 24 casos de ITS asociadas a CVC. El Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo fue el germen más frecuente (n=8), seguido de Candida albicans ( n=7). En el análisis de regresión logística, se encontraron los siguientes factores de riesgo: CVC múltiple (mayor que 1) (p: 0.030; RR: 3.2; 95 por ciento IC: 1.1 - 9.2) Y sexo masculino (p: 0.013; RR: 3.1; 95 por ciento IC: 1.3 - 7.7). Conclusiones: Se identificó una alta tasa de ITS asociada a CVC. El sexo masculino y el CVC múltiple (mayor que 1) fueron factores de riesgo para ITS asociados a CVC. Es necesario un estudio prospectivo con mayor número de pacientes para identificar otros factores de riesgo.
Objective: To determine the risk factors for catheter - associated bloodstream infection in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño. Material and Methods: Design: Prospective cohort study at the PICU of Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (Lima - Peru). Patients: PICU patients admitted between June 1, 2007, and May 31,2008. Interventions: None. Outcome measures: Catether - Associated Bloodstream Infections (CABSI) developed from PICU admission until 48 hours after PICU discharge. Results: Of 183 patients, 99 (54 percent) were male and 1 Médico Pediatra Intensivista. Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño 2 Médico Pediatra Intensivista. INSN. Facultad de MedicinaHumana, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal 84 (46 percent) were female. The rate of CABSI was 14.03 infections per 1,000 catheter days. There were 24 cases of CABSI. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was the leading causeof CABSI (n=8), followedby Candida albicans ( n = 7). In logistic regression analysis, patients with CABSI were more likely to have multiple central vascular catheter (p: 0.030; RR: 3.2; 95 percent confidence interval: 1.1 - 9.2 ) and be male ( p: 0.013; RR: 3.1 ; 95 percent confidence interval: 1.3 - 7.7).Conclusions: This study identified a high rate of CABSI. Male sex and multiple CVC (major that 1) were risk factors for Catheter-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CABSls). A prospective study with more number of patients is needed to identify other risk factors.
