ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There have been limited numbers of studies on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to determine oxidative stress in exhaled breath condensate (EBC). Those two studies have been carried out on hemodialysis patients, and hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide have been studied in order to show oxidative stress on EBC. AIMS: We investigated oxidative stress in EBC evaluating 8-isoprostane levels on different stages of CKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 81 patients with 2-4 CKD stages have been evaluated prospectively. The patients have been categorized into three groups according to their CKD stages. For biochemical analysis, blood and breathing air samples were taken. 8-isoprostane has been measured using immunoassay method as the indicator of oxidative stress in EBC. RESULTS: 8-isoprostane values were 8.19 ± 4.56, 13.89 ± 8.70, and 14.20 ± 10.68 pg/min group 1, 2, and 3, respectively; and the EBC 8-isoprostane levels increased significantly as CKD stages advanced (P0 = 0.018). There was a statistically significant reverse correlation between 8-isoprostane and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; r = -0.275; P = 0.014), but not between 8-isoprostane and C-reactive protein (r = -0.183; P = 0.177). CONCLUSIONS: We determined the level of 8-isoprostane in EBC of patients with different stages of CKD and showed that the level of 8-isoprostane significantly increased through the progress of CKD. We consider that our study is important because there have been limited number of studies that evaluate oxidative stress in CKD using EBC which is a noninvasive method.
Subject(s)
Breath Tests/methods , Dinoprost/analogs & derivatives , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Dinoprost/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects up to 5.5% of world population and is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). Aim of the present study was to investigate impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on association between psoriasis and ED as well as to improve our understanding of this association via studying other possible causes of ED such as psychological factors and disease effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patient group included 37 male psoriasis patients and control group 28 healthy men. Severity of psoriasis was determined using Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and ED was evaluated using International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) Scale. Psychiatric state of the patients were determined using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). MetS was diagnosed using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. RESULTS: MetS, ED prevalence and BDI score were significantly higher in psoriasis patient group (p = 0.032, p = 0.018 and p < 0.001). Average IIEF score of psoriasis patients with and without MetS, on the other hand, was not different (p = 0.073). IIEF score had negative correlations with age, BDI and PASI scores. In multiple linear regression analysis, BDI score, old age and smoking (but not MetS) were found to be independent predictors of ED. CONCLUSIONS: ED, MetS and depression frequencies were significantly higher in psoriasis patient group. In addition, psoriasis severity and ED parameters were closely associated. Depression, old age and smoking were found to be independent risk factors for ED.
Subject(s)
Erectile Dysfunction/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Psoriasis/epidemiology , Adult , Age Factors , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Comorbidity , Depression/epidemiology , Erectile Dysfunction/diagnosis , Erectile Dysfunction/psychology , Humans , Linear Models , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Metabolic Syndrome/psychology , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Prevalence , Psoriasis/diagnosis , Psoriasis/psychology , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/epidemiology , Turkey/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene encodes a P-glycoprotein that plays a key role in drug bioavailability and response to drugs in different human populations. More than 50 SNPs have been described for the MDR1 gene. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is considered an autosomal recessive hereditary disease, associated with a single gene named the Mediterranean fever gene (MEFV). However, about one-third of FMF patients have only one mutated allele, suggesting that this disease is expressed as an autosomal dominant trait with partial penetration or an additional gene might be responsible for the disease. We made genotype and haplotype analyses of the MDR1 gene in 142 FMF patients and 130 unrelated Turkish subjects; two MDR-1 genetic markers (C1236T and C3435T) were analyzed by PCR-RFLP analysis. FMF patients had a significantly higher frequency of the 3435 CT genotype compared with the control group (59.9% in FMF patients versus 44.6% in controls; odds ratio [OR] = 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-3.00). Based on haplotype analysis, the T-C shift was significantly more frequent in controls (14.4% versus 7.1% in FMF patients). This haplotype could be protective for FMF disease (OR = 0.45; 95%CI = 0.25-0.84). The frequency of CC-CT (1236-3435) binary genotype was significantly higher in FMF patients (14.79% versus 4.61% in controls; OR = 3.59; 95%CI = 1.40-9.20).
