Turkish Real Life Atrial Fibrillation in Clinical Practice: TRAFFIC Study.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, impaired quality of life, and mortality. The latest research that shows the prevalence and incidence of AF patients in Türkiye was the Turkish Adults' Heart Disease and Risk Factors study, which included 3,450 patients and collected data until 2006/07.The Turkish Real Life Atrial Fibrillation in Clinical Practice (TRAFFIC) study is planned to present current prevalence data, reveal the reflection of new treatment and risk approaches in our country, and develop new prediction models in terms of outcomes. METHODS: The TRAFFIC study is a national, prospective, multicenter, observational registry. The study aims to collect data from at least 1900 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, with the participation of 40 centers from Türkiye. The following data will be collected from patients: baseline demographic characteristics, medical history, vital signs, symptoms of AF, ECG and echocardiographic findings, CHADS2-VASC2 and HAS-BLED (1-year risk of major bleeding) risk scores, interventional treatments, antithrombotic and antiarrhythmic medications, or other medications used by the patients. For patients who use warfarin, international normalized ratio levels will be monitored. Follow-up data will be collected at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Primary endpoints are defined as systemic embolism or major safety endpoints (major bleeding, clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, and minor bleeding as defined by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis). The main secondary endpoints include major adverse cardiovascular events (systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death), all-cause mortality, and hospitalizations due to all causes or specific reasons. RESULTS: The results of the 12-month follow-up of the study are planned to be shared by the end of 2023. CONCLUSION: The TRAFFIC study will reveal the prevalence and incidence, demographic characteristics, and risk profiles of AF patients in Türkiye. Additionally, it will provide insights into how current treatments are reflected in this population. Furthermore, risk prediction modeling and risk scoring can be conducted for patients with AF.

The importance of pulmonary pulse transit time in indicating right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary arterial stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis.

SUBJECT: Rheumatoid arthritis patients are at risk of developing cardiovascular disease such as right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Arterial stiffness can be used to assess pulmonary hemodynamics. Noninvasive approaches can also be used to assess pulmonary hemodynamics. Recently, there have been reports that pulmonary pulse transit time (PPTT) may also be a useful measure. This study aims to examine the effects of pulmonary hemodynamic alterations on PPTT in RA patients. METHODS: Forty RA patients and 40 healthy controls were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, laboratory data, and echocardiographic examinations were performed in both groups. Conventional echocardiographic examination included left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic diameters, right ventricular myocardial performance index (RVMPI), right ventricular diastolic function, estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (sPAP), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), pulmonary artery stiffness (PAS), and PPTT. Right ventricular diastolic and systolic volumes, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), and right ventricular fractional area change (RVFAC) were determined by four-dimensional echocardiography (4DE). RESULTS: There was no difference between the sPAP values of the patients. RVMPI and PAS were increased in RA patients compared with controls. The PPTT was shortened in RA patients and correlated with RVEF, RVFAC, RVMPI, TAPSE/sPAP, disease duration, and C-reactive protein (CRP). In univariate linear regression analysis, PPTT (p < .001) was thought to be an independent predictor of PAS. RVFAC, disease duration, and PAS were also independent predictors of PPTT. CONCLUSION: In RA patients, PPTT may be the first evidence of early abnormalities in pulmonary vascular hemodynamics. PPTT and PAS are the values that may predict each other in RA patients. Due to its more practical application, PPTT can be used instead of PAS to assess pulmonary hemodynamics.

Four-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography and fragmented QRS in detection of early left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid disorders are associated with many cardiovascular risk factors. The importance of thyroid hormones in the pathophysiology of heart failure is underlined by the European guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. However, the role of subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCH) in subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is not entirely clear. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 56 SCH patients and 40 healthy volunteers. The 56 SCH group was divided into two subgroups depending on the presence of fragmented QRS (fQRS). In both groups, left ventricular global area strain (LV-GAS), global radial strain (GRS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) were obtained with four-dimensional (4D) echocardiography. RESULTS: GAS, GRS, GLS, and GCS values were significantly different in SCH patients and in healthy volunteers. GLS and GAS values were lower in the fQRS+ than in the fQRS- group (-17.06 ± 1.00 vs. -19.08 ± 1.71, p < .001, and -26.61 ± 2.38 vs. -30.61 ± 2.57, p < .001, respectively). ProBNP was positively correlated with LV-GLS (r = 0.278, p = .006) and LV-GAS (r = 0.357, p < .001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that fQRS was an independent predictor of LV-GAS. CONCLUSIONS: 4D strain echocardiography may be helpful for the prediction of early cardiac dysfunction in patients with SCH. The presence of fQRS may be an indicator of subclinical LV dysfunction in SCH.

Assessment of a New Electrocardiographic Marker for the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries.

Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is clinically defined as myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive atherosclerosis on coronary angiography. Diagnosis may require multiple diagnostic tools in addition to standard coronary angiography, including cardiac imaging or provocative tests, according to clinical suspicion. We assessed the usefulness of the DETERMINE (Defibrillators to Reduce Risk by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation) score for distinguishing patients with MINOCA from those with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary artery disease (NSTEMI-CAD) in a single-center observational study. The patients were divided into two groups according to coronary angiography findings. The study included 277 patients: 227 with NSTEMI-CAD and 50 with MINOCA. The DETERMINE score (6.1 ± 3.7 vs 1.9 ± 2.1, P<.001) was significantly higher in the NSTEMI-CAD than MINOCA group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the DETERMINE score (OR=0.591, P<0.001) was an independent predictor of MINOCA. The incidence of diabetes mellitus and glucose levels were significantly higher in the NSTEMI-CAD group; however, ejection fraction was significantly higher in the MINOCA group (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that the DETERMINE score constitutes a simple and inexpensive tool for the assessment of MINOCA.

Fragmented QRS complexes are associated with subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with Behcet's disease: Four-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.

BACKGROUND: Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease in which early detection of cardiac involvement is essential. The aim of this study was to assess the left ventricular (LV) functions in BD patients using four-dimensional (4D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and to test the correlation between LV dysfunction and the presence of QRS fragmentation. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 64 Behcet's patients and 48 healthy volunteers. The BD group was divided into two subgroups depending on the presence (fQRS+) or absence (fQRS-) of fragmented QRS (fQRS). In both groups, left ventricular global area strain (LV-GAS), global radial strain (GRS), global longitudinal strain (GLS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) were obtained with 4D echocardiography. RESULTS: GAS, GRS, GLS, and GCS values were significantly different in Behcet's patients and in healthy volunteers. GLS and GAS values were lower in the fQRS+ than in the fQRS- group (-15.8 ± 1.8 and -17.9 ± 1.6, P = .001 vs -25.0 ± 3.1 and -29.2 ± 4.2, P < .001, respectively). The duration of disease was longer in fQRS+ than in fQRS- patients (120.8 ± 67.4 vs 71.0 ± 40.5, P < .001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that fQRS and disease duration were independent predictors of LV-GAS. CONCLUSIONS: Four-dimensional STE may be helpful for the prediction of early cardiac dysfunction in patients with BD. The presence of fQRS may be an indicator of subclinical LV dysfunction.

Effects of Septoplasty on Tp-e Interval and Tp-e/QT Ratio in Patients With Nasal Septal Deviation.

OBJECTIVES: There are multiple nasal airway pathologies leading to upper airway obstruction, and one of the most common ones is nasal septum deviation (NSD). Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of nasal septal surgery in patients with NSD on ventricular arrhythmogenesis using the novel electrocardiographic parameters, Tp-e interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 102 consecutive patients diagnosed with NSD. All participants completed a validated outcomes instrument (the NOSE scale), echocardiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation before and 3 months after septoplasty. The degree of nasal septal deviation was evaluated with the Dreher classification. RESULTS: All of the electrocardiography parameters (except heart rate and QTmin) were significantly decreased with the septoplasty operation. Electrocardiographic parameters have significantly decreased especially in marked NSD patients. (Δ = difference between the preoperative and postoperative values) ΔNOSE was positively correlated both ΔcTp-e (r = 0.348, P < .001) and ΔcTp-e/QT values (r = 0.536, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Consequently, marked NSD was associated with increased risk of arrhythmogenesis, which were too much improved after septoplasty. So, treatment of especially marked NSD not only reduces otolaryngological complaints, but also leads to improvement of ventricular repolarization parameters.

The Effect of Marked Nasal Septal Deviation on Left Ventricular Function and Blood Markers.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effect of nasal septoplasty in patients with marked nasal septal deviation (MNSD) on subjective perception of nasal patency, echocardiography, and hematologic parameters. METHODS: Seventy-nine consecutive patients (mean age, 29.9 ±â€Š9.7 years; 57 men and 22 women) at least 18 years old were diagnosed as MNSD consistent with presenting symptom of chronic nasal obstruction lasting at least 3 months. Complete blood count measurement to assess mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) questionnaire, and echocardiography were performed for all patients just before and at postoperative third month of septoplasty. RESULTS: The MPV (0.021), NLR (<0.001), and NOSE (<0.001) were all significantly decreased, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) value (<0.001) were also significantly increased at postoperative third month. Correlation analysis also indicated that ΔNLR was positively correlated with ΔGLS (r = 0.385, P < 0.001), and ΔNOSE (r = 0.436, P < 0.001), and correlated negatively with the ΔMPV (r = -0.302, P = 0.024). ΔGLS was also positively correlated with the ΔNOSE (r = 0.769, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Septoplasty for MNSD could provide not only alleviation of otorhinolaryngologic symptoms but also improvement in subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction and decline in MPV and NLR levels.

Evaluation of contrast nephropathy in percutaneous treatment of chronic total occlusions.

BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Chronic total occlusions (CTO) are frequently observed among patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS: A total of 128 CTO patients were included. Mehran score, lesion characteristics, interventional procedure, serological specimens and devices were recorded. The first group was administered with 1 ml · kg-1 · h-1 saline (0.9% NaCl) infusion that started 12 h before the procedure and continued 12 h post procedure as recommended by the guidelines. The second group was administered with saline infusion of 12 ml · kg-1 · h-1 only during CTO-PCI procedure, which is called as intensive infusion. RESULTS: CIN development was similar in two groups (four patients in standard hydration group and five patients in intensive hydration group). The amount of saline was significantly higher in the standard group (1,767 ± 192.2 vs. 1,043.6 ± 375; p < 0.001). Patients with higher creatinine levels prior to PCI had a higher rate of CIN development after procedure. Interestingly, age, left ventricular ejection fraction, and diabetes mellitus independently predicted CIN. CONCLUSION: Intensive hydration administration appears to be an effective and cost-effective method in CTO-PCI patients, especially in patients without left ventricular function failure.

Association between fragmented QRS complexes and left ventricular dysfunction in healthy smokers.

OBJECTIVE: Smoking is a known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and may cause myocardial damage independently of coronary artery disease. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is an important marker of myocardial fibrosis, while speckle-tracking echocardiography is a method used to show subclinical left ventricle dysfunction. METHODS: Our study included 230 healthy individuals aged 18-40 years. The patients included were separated into two groups: those smokers (n = 130) and non-smokers (n = 100). After that healthy smokers group were divided into two groups: those with fQRS (n = 24) and those without (n = 106). In both groups, the arithmetic mean of three images was used to obtain the left ventricle global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS). The E/SRe ratio was also calculated and analyzed. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the smokers and non-smokers in terms of, E/SRe (55.7 ± 17.9 vs 50.3 ± 14.8; P = 0.015), LV-GLS (23.1 ± 1.9 vs 24.0 ± 1.7; P = 0.001), and fQRS (18.5% vs 6%; P = 0.005). As a result of subgroup analysis, pack-year history was higher in the fQRS positive group (16.7 ± 3.7 vs 11.2 ± 3.7, P < 0.001). While a negative correlation was observed between pack-year history and LV-GLS (r = -0.678, P < 0.001), there was a positive correlation between pack-year history and E/SRe (r = 0.730, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study demonstrated that fQRS is a parameter that can be used to determine left ventricle subclinical systolic and diastolic dysfunction in smokers, and that left ventricle dysfunction is related to the duration and intensity of smoking.

The relationship between monocyte/high-density lipoprotein ratio and Selvester QRS score in patients with STEMI.

OBJECTIVE: The ratio of monocytes to high-density lipoprotein (MHR) has recently been recommended as a new prognostic factor in cardiovascular disease. Studies have documented the value of the Selvester QRS score for prediction of prognosis of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, no study has examined the association between the QRS score and MHR in patients with STEMI. The present study analyzed the relationship between MHR and QRS score in patients with STEMI. METHODS: A cohort of 99 consecutive patients who experienced STEMI between June and September 2016 was retrospectively evaluated. Serial electrocardiogram, monocyte count, and lipid panel measurements (day 1, day 2, and after discharge) were performed in all patients, and MHR was calculated. The patients were classified into 2 groups based on the median values according to the estimated infarct size: QRS score <6 and QRS score ≥6. RESULTS: The MHR was higher in the high QRS score group on day 1 in hospital (p=0.001). The MHR value was associated with QRS score in univariate logistic regression analysis and was found to be an independent predictor of the QRS score (Odds ratio: 0.390, 95% Confidence interval: 0.252-0.605; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: A higher MHR serves as an indicator of inflammation and oxidative stress and was reported to be associated with a high QRS score. In addition, it was found to be an independent predictor of such scores during follow-up in patients with STEMI.

Comparison of the Predictive Roles of Risk Scores of In-Hospital Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the relationship between various risk scores (SYNTAX score [SS], SYNTAX score-II [SS-II], thrombolysis in myocardial infarction [TIMI] risk scores, and Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events [GRACE] risk scores) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study population were selected from among 589 patients who underwent coronary angiography with a diagnosis of NSTEMI. TIMI and GRACE risk scores were calculated. SS and SS-II were calculated in all patients, and points were added according to the predefined algorithm, taking into account the other 6 clinical variables being monitored (age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, creatinine clearance, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and peripheral artery disease). Patients were classified into tertile 1 (SS < 22), tertile 2 (SS 23-32), and tertile 3 (SS > 32). RESULTS: The group with high SS-II for PCI values in the risk scores were observed from tertile 1 to tertile 3 (from 25.0 ± 7.7 to 31.6 ± 9.4, p < 0.001, respectively). The SS-II score in patients with PCI was an independent predictor of MACE, in-hospital mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis (OR 1.082, 95% CI 1.036-1.131, p < 0.001). The overall MACE, in-hospital mortality, and nonfatal myocardial infarction rates were significantly higher in the high SS-II for PCI group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TIMI and GRACE risk scores were able to predict MACE. In addition to these, SS-II was also able to predict in-hospital mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis.

Left ventricular myocardial performance index in prediabetic patients without coronary artery disease.

INTRODUCTION: Prediabetes is a high-risk condition for diabetes mellitus type 2, which is an important public health issue. The myocardial performance index (MPI) is a noninvasive Doppler measurement of global ventricular function. We evaluated the MPI and left ventricular (LV) function in prediabetic patients who did not have coronary artery disease. METHODS: In total, 80 prediabetics (34 females and 46 males) and an equal number of sex-matched healthy volunteers (35 females and 45 males) were enrolled prospectively. All subjects underwent laboratory analyses and echocardiographic examinations, including MPI measurements. RESULTS: There was a moderate increase in MPI between healthy controls and prediabetics (P < .001). Prediabetes was strongly associated with MPI (r = .553, P < .001). We found that MPI was associated with prediabetes on multivariate logistic regression analysis (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.967, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.574-2.459, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that systolic functions and LV diastolic parameters were adversely affected in prediabetic patients. Prediabetes is closely associated with subclinical LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction as assessed by MPI.

An extensive caseous calcification of the mitral annulus complicated with severe mitral regurgitation.

Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is considered a rare variant of mitral annular calcification (MAC) due to caseous transformation of the inner material and prevalence of CCMA, about 0.63% of all MAC cases and 0.06%-0.07% of the population. The precise pathophysiology of CCMA is still unknown. It is a chronic degenerative disorder common in the elderly, particularly in women. Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is a soft peri-annular extensive calcification, resembling cardiac tumors, abscesses, vegetation, or calcified thrombus, which is composed of an admixture of calcium, fatty acids, and cholesterol with a toothpaste-like texture. In the characteristic appearance on echocardiography, the calcification is a round, large, soft mass with a central echo dense area, typically located at the basal area of the posterior mitral valve. It usually carries a benign prognosis but rarely may be complicated with mitral valve dysfunction (valve stenosis/mitral regurgitation) or systemic embolization. The current data suggest conservative medical therapy and clinical follow-up for management of CCMA unless there is a need of cardiac surgery for severe mitral stenosis and/or regurgitation. We present a case, complicated with severe mitral regurgitation, and need surgical resection of the CCMA because of the CCMA-induced symptomatic severe mitral regurgitation despite optimal medical therapy. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of caseous material also demonstrated the characteristic appearance of CCMA.

Prediction of no-reflow and major adverse cardiovascular events with a new scoring system in STEMI patients.

BACKGROUND: No-reflow is associated with a poor prognosis in STEMI patients. There are many factors and mechanisms that contribute to the development of no-reflow, including age, reperfusion time, a high thrombus burden, Killip class, long stent use, ejection fraction ≤40, and a high Syntax score. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the parameters associated with no-reflow prediction by creating a new scoring system. METHODS: The study included 515 consecutive STEMI patients who underwent PCI; 632 STEMI patients who had undergone PCI in another center were included in the external validation of the scoring system. The correlations between 1-year major adverse cardiac events and low/high risk score were assessed. RESULTS: In this study, seven independent variables were used to build a risk score for predicting no-reflow. The predictors of no-reflow are age, EF ≤40, SS ≥22, stent length ≥20, thrombus grade ≥4, Killip class ≥3, and pain-balloon time ≥4 h. In the derivation group, the optimal threshold score for predicting no-reflow was >10, with a 75% sensitivity and 77.7% specificity (Area under the curve (AUC) = 0.809, 95%CI: 0.772-0.842, P < 0.001). In the validation group, AUC was 0.793 (95%CI: 0.760-0.824, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This new score, which can be calculated in STEMI patients before PCI and used to predict no-reflow in STEMI patients, may help physicians to estimate the development of no-reflow in the pre-PCI period.

Discerning the relationship between left ventricular geometry, high-sensitivity troponin T, and nondipper hypertension.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension can cause anatomic changes in the left ventricle, generally leading to abnormal geometry. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) values have been shown to be positively correlated with left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. The current study investigated the diagnostic value of hs-cTnT in patient with nondipper hypertension (NDH) as well as determined the correlation between left ventricular geometric patterns and hs-cTnT values in hypertensive patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 100 consecutive patients (58 women and 42 men) who were referred to our clinic between 1 October 2015 and 1 March 2016 with elevated blood pressure (BP) were included. Of the patients, 63 had dipper hypertension [nocturnal decline in mean BP (≥10%)], whereas the remaining 37 had NDH [nocturnal decline in mean BP (<10%)]. Of note, hs-cTnT levels were measured only once during admission. Echocardiographic examinations were performed at baseline month and repeated at the sixth month. RESULTS: Hs-cTnT was significantly increased in those with NDH (P<0.001). The NDH group experienced significant decreases in concentric hypertrophy pattern over 6 months (P=0.014). Hs-cTnT was significantly related with nondipping status (r=0.747, P<0.001). Hs-cTnT was also an independent predictor of NDH (odds ratio=1.034, 95% confidence interval: 1.018-1049, P<0.001). Hs-cTnT value of more than 0.95 ng/l predicted NDH with a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 98% (area under the curve: 0.86; 95% confidence interval: 0.782-0.925; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our current results indicate that patients with NDH had higher hs-cTnT levels than the patients with dipper hypertension. Hs-cTnT was an independent predictor of NDH and was significantly related with nondipping status. Hence, hs-cTnT may be used as diagnostic biomarker in NDH.

Fragmented QRS complexes are associated with left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography study.

Background: Heart failure may develop independently of coronary artery disease in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is a marker of myocardial fibrosis or scar tissue and is related to an increase in cardiovascular adverse events. In this study, we examined the utility of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in assessing LV function in DM patients with fQRS. Methods and Results: The current study included 178 consecutive patients diagnosed with type-2 DM. The patients included were separated into two groups: those with (n = 50) and without (n = 128) fQRS. The two groups were compared by obtaining LV strain values with STE. Statistically significant differences were also identified between fQRS(-) and fQRS (+) groups with respect to Lv-GLS (p < .001), maxLAVI (p = .020), minLAVI (p < .001), E velocity (p < .001), Em velocity (0.002), E/Em ratio (<0.001) SRe (p < .001), SRe/SRa ratio (p < .001), SRivr (p < .001) and E/SRivr ratio (p < .001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, fQRS (ß = -2.077, p = .002) and DM duration (ß = -0.216, p = .021) were identified as independent predictors of Lv-GLS. However, fQRS (ß = 4.557, p = .001) and minLAVI (ß = -2.198, p = .031) were also found to be independent predictors of E/SRivr. We also performed multiple logistic regression analysis and identified Lv-GLS (ß = -0.557, p = .001), minLAVI (ß = -0.769, p = .001), E/Em ratio (ß = 0.650, p = .001) and E/SRivr (ß = 0.105, p = .001) as independent predictors of fQRS. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that subclinical LV dysfunction was more common in diabetic patients with fQRS. Therefore, determination of fQRS could be an indicator of the diabetic CMP in patients with DM.

Association between metabolic syndrome and fragmented QRS complexes: Speckle tracking echocardiography study.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an endocrinological disease with both metabolic and physiological components. Previous studies have shown a relationship between MetS and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. A fragmented QRS (fQRS) is a reliable electrocardiogram (ECG) finding with the importance of an indicator of myocardial fibrosis and scarring. In this study, we examined the utility of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in assessing LV function in MetS patients with fQRS. METHODS: The 164 consecutive MetS patients included in the study. They were separated into two groups; those with (n=33) and those without (n=131) fQRS. The two groups were compared by obtaining LV strain values with STE. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between the fQRS (-) and fQRS (+) groups were identified for LV global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) (p<0.001), maximum left atrial volume index (maxLAVI) (p≤0.001), strain rate during isovolumic relaxation period (SRivr) (p<0.001), and the E/SRivr ratio (p<0.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, fQRS (ß=-1.456, p=0.003), diabetes mellitus (ß=-0.973, p=0.015), hypertension (ß=-0.820, p=0.015) and MaxLAVI (ß=-0.142, p=0.018) were independent predictors of LV-GLS. However, fQRS (ß=21.995, p<0.001), MaxLAVI (ß=3.090, p<0.001), and E/Em ratio (ß=3.326, p<0.001) were also independent predictors of E/SRivr. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that LV dysfunction was more common in MetS patients with fQRS. MetS patients, and especially those who are fQRS (+), should thus be closely monitored for subclinical LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction.

Left ventricular myocardial performance index in prehypertensive patients with normal coronary arteries.

OBJECTIVES: Prehypertension, which may be the precursor of hypertension, is an important public health problem in the community. Myocardial performance index (MPI) is a noninvasive Doppler measurement of global ventricular function. Thus, our aim was to evaluate left ventricule (LV) functions with the MPI in prehypertensive patients with normal coronary artery angiography. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS: Forty prehypertensive patients (21 women and 19 men), with blood pressures between 120/80 and 139/89 mmHg, and 40 normotensive controls (18 women and 22 men), with blood pressures under 120/80 mmHg, were included in the study. Patient population comprised those who underwent coronary angiography because of typical angina and had normal coronary arteries. The MPI was calculated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age, sex, or other demographic characteristics (P>0.05). Moreover, LV ejection fraction, late diastolic flow, deceleration time, isovolumetric contraction time, and ejection time values were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). However, early diastolic mitral inflow velocity, E/A ratio, isovolumetric relaxation, and MPI were all significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The MPI was increased in prehypertensive patients. This result demonstrates that LV diastolic and systolic functions may be negatively affected in patients with prehypertension. The advantages of our method are as follows: it is simple, it does not demand special equipment, and it is not time consuming.