ABSTRACT
The non-recyclable use of nitrogen fertilizers in microbial production of fuels and chemicals remains environmentally detrimental. Conversion of protein wastes into biofuels and ammonia by engineering nitrogen flux in Escherichia coli has been demonstrated as a method to reclaim reduced-nitrogen and curb its environmental deposition. However, protein biomass requires a proteolysis process before it can be taken up and converted by any microbe. Here, we metabolically engineered Bacillus subtilis to hydrolyze polypeptides through its secreted proteases and to convert amino acids into advanced biofuels and ammonia fertilizer. Redirection of B. subtilis metabolism for amino-acid conversion required inactivation of the branched-chain amino-acid (BCAA) global regulator CodY. Additionally, the lipoamide acyltransferase (bkdB) was deleted to prevent conversion of branched-chain 2-keto acids into their acyl-CoA derivatives. With these deletions and heterologous expression of a keto-acid decarboxylase and an alcohol dehydrogenase, the final strain produced biofuels and ammonia from an amino-acid media with 18.9% and 46.6% of the maximum theoretical yield. The process was also demonstrated on several waste proteins. The results demonstrate the feasibility of direct microbial conversion of polypeptides into sustainable products.
Subject(s)
Ammonia/metabolism , Bacillus subtilis , Biofuels , Proteins/metabolism , Water Pollutants/metabolism , Water Purification/methods , Bacillus subtilis/genetics , Bacillus subtilis/metabolism , Metabolic Engineering/methods , Water PollutionABSTRACT
Bacillus marmarensis strain DSM 21297 is an extreme obligate alkaliphile able to grow in medium up to pH 12.5. A whole-shotgun strategy and de novo assembly led to the generation of a 4-Mbp genome of this strain. The genome features alkaliphilic adaptations and pathways for n-butanol and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis.
