Subject(s)
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Leukoencephalopathies/diagnosis , Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis , Skin/pathology , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/complications , Biopsy/methods , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Humans , Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies , Leukoencephalopathies/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Neurodegenerative Diseases/complicationsSubject(s)
Brain Infarction/complications , Depth Perception/physiology , Functional Laterality , Occipital Lobe/pathology , Perceptual Disorders/etiology , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mental Status Schedule , Neuropsychological Tests , Photic Stimulation , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Multiple System Atrophy/complications , Paraparesis, Spastic/etiology , Aged , Brain/pathology , Cerebellar Ataxia/etiology , Cerebellar Ataxia/pathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Multiple System Atrophy/pathology , Paraparesis, Spastic/pathology , Spinal Cord/pathologyABSTRACT
AIMS OF STUDY: It is reported that severe bladder disorder in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is predicted by right frontal hypoperfusion. However, it is not known whether bladder recovery is predicted by brain perfusion change after shunt surgery. To address this issue, we compared bladder and brain function before and after shunt surgery in iNPH. METHODS: We enrolled 75 patients in the study. Before and 12 months after shunt surgery, we analyzed brain perfusion by SPECT and bladder disorder by a specialized grading scale. The scale consisted of grade 0, none; grade 1, urinary urgency and frequency; grade 2, urinary incontinence 1-3 times a week; grade 3, urinary incontinence >daily; and grade 4, loss of bladder control. More than one grade improvement is defined as improvement, and more than one grade decrement as worsening; otherwise no changes. RESULTS: Comparing before and after surgery, in the bladder-no-change group (32 cases) there was an increase in blood flow which is regarded as reversal of enlargement in the Sylvian fissure and lateral ventricles (served as control). In contrast, in the bladder-improved group (32 cases) there was an increase in bilateral mid-cingulate, parietal, and left frontal blood flow (p < 0.05). In the bladder-worsened group (11 cases) no significant blood flow change was observed. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that after shunt surgery, bladder recovery is related with mid-cingulate perfusion increase in patients with iNPH. The underlying mechanism might be functional restoration of the mid-cingulate that normally inhibits the micturition reflex.
