[Positional changes of the magistral blood flow of the left kidney in men with varicocele and infertility].

This paper proves the correlation between characteristics of blood flow rate in the renal veins and resistance indices of the renal arteries. As a result of polypositional assessment of venous blood flow, it was found that the violations of magistral venous blood flow in the left kidney can affect the formation and progression of varicocele, and the severity of disorders of spermatogenesis. The necessity of assessment of testicular veins and the pressure in left renal vein not only in clin- and orthostasis or Valsalva maneuver, but in the six static positions is discussed; this can allow to register the violations of magistral renal blood flow at the early stages important for fertility disorders, improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of patients with varicocele.

[Pathogenetical aspects of complicated abnormal renal mobility].

The present article is devoted to the search for topographic and anatomical factors of abnormal renal mobility that affects renal hemodynamics and determines complicated course of nephroptosis. Comparative evaluation of hemodynamics in patients with chronic pyelonephritis and symptomatic hypertension in abnormal renal mobility depending on the distribution on the degree of rotation and skeletotopic omission of kidney was performed. According to the data of frequency analysis and correspondence analysis of Statistics 6.0 program, it was determined that kidney rotated in three dimensions, and mainly in II degree descent kidney in study group. It was found that consistent multiple view scanning of patients with abnormal renal mobility allows to accurately assess the violations of tissue blood flow, which determine severity of complications of the disease, and to choose an adequate conservative and surgical treatment in each case.

[Features of hydrodinamics in drainage of the upper urinary tract (experimental study)].

The present article is devoted to the search for the physical factors affecting the intrapelvic pressure in patients with kidney catheters. Based on mathematical prediction and experiment, value of air bubbles, hampering urine outflow and contributing to the development of purulent postoperative complications in urology, was demonstrated. A certain number of air bubbles in catheters leads to the formation of air-urinary impaction, causing a sharp increase of intrapelvic pressure. Correlation analysis showed a direct relationship between the amount of air bubbles in the drainages and resistance force to urinary flow. The study showed that the presence of air bubbles in the catheter and drainage tubes is unacceptable. Compliance with certain rules and standards of work allows to prevent their formation, which in turn reduces the risk of urinary infection and the development of septic complications. This approach will help to predict the possible postoperative complications, accelerate the introduction of modern technologies, and improve the quality of urological care.

[Pathogenetic criteria of nephroptosis]. / Patogeneticheskie kriterii podvizhnoi pochki.

The aim of the study was to specify treatment policy in nephroptosis on the basis of characteristics of the onset, development and course of the disease. A total of 83 patients with nephroptosis were examined. The rotation angles of the kidney were summed using standard excretory urograms in clino- and orthostasis. Radionuclide nephroscintigraphy, rheorenography were made in 72 patients. Statistical processing employed correlation, cluster, discriminant analysis of the program Statistica. The method of estimation of the angles of rotation of the movable kidney in three planes was introduced. Grouping of patients by the sum of the rotation angles appeared more precise in reflecting disorders of intraorganic circulation in the kidney than skeletotopic distribution by the nephroptosis degree. Standard excretory urograms allow determination of the sum of the angle of rotation of the movable kidney and, finally, adequate conservative or surgical treatment method. Surgery can correct disorders of intraorganic blood flow by creating physiological position for the kidney raising to the due level and eliminating rotation.

[The etiological and pathogenetic bases of nephrolithiasis]. / Etiologicheskie i patogeneticheskie osnovy nefrolitiaza.

A new outlook on etiology and pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis regards renal tubular acidosis (RTA) as the basic pathogenetic factor of nephrolithiasis. These conclusions were made basing on the findings on blood and urine glycolysis enzymes, lactic acid, acid-base metabolism, titrated acids, ammonium. RTA stages responsible for the variety of the forming concrement and two groups of nephrolithiasis etiological factors (acting on epithelial cell of the nephron and involved in urinary processes) are distinguished.

[The advisability of performing excretory urography in renal colic]. / O tselesoobraznosti vypolneniia ékskretornoi urografii pri pochechnoi kolike.

Basing on their experience with 1115 cases of prehospitalization excretory urography, the authors think it misleading to reject excretory urography at the height of renal colic because normal kidney completely excretes contrast medium. It is shown that a part of the latter is deposited by the affected kidney and fills the upper urinary tracts up to the level of the obstacle causing acute urostasis. Excretory urography at the height of renal colic is valid in hospitals with 24-hour x-ray service and in cases of urgent surgery.

[Late results of the surgical treatment of calculus-free cholecystitis]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia bezkamennogo kholetsistita.

On the grounds of the experience with 72 cases of non-calculous cholecystitis the authors describe the characteristic features and sequelae of the disease. The authors recommend to use endoscopy methods widely with the goal to differentiate this pathology from any other biliary pancreato-duodenal pathology in order to elaborate adequate surgical indications for patients suffering from non-calculous cholecystitis.

[Lasers in the treatment of arterial occlusive diseases of the limbs]. / Lazer v lechenii obliteriruiushchikh zabolevanii arterii konechnostei

The authors have analysed the initial results of treatment in 64 patients suffering obliterating diseases of arteries of upper and lower extremities by means of irradiation with a helium-neon laser the least electric resistance points. The control over the results of treatment is exercised basing on findings of thermovision study and patients' subjective sensations. The best results were gained in treatment of patients with Reynaud diseases and obliterating endarteritis. The therapy employed yielded an insignificant effect in various forms of atherosclerosis of the lower extremities.

[Cancer of th e exrahepatic bile ducts]. / Rak vnepechenochnykh zhelchnykh protokov

The authors have summarized their experience with observations and treatment of 101 patients with cancer of extrahepatic bile ducts. Based on personal authors' findings it is concluded, that cancer of bile passages can frequently develop against the background of cholelithiasis. Taking into account little efficacy of surgical therapy, the prophylaxis of cancer development, namely an early operation for cholelithiasis, is believed by the authors to be the most effective measure.