ABSTRACT
Hypoalbuminemia can lead to poor and delayed wound healing, while it is also associated with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, malignancies, and COVID-19. In elective surgery, patients with low albumin have high risks of postoperative wound complications. Here, we propose a novel cost-effective wound dressing material based on low-methoxy pectin and NaA-zeolite particles with controlled albumin release properties. We focused on both albumin adsorption and release phenomena for wounds with excess exudate. Firstly, we investigated albumin dynamics and calculated electrostatic surfaces at experimental pH values in water by using molecular dynamics methods. Then, we studied in detail pectin-zeolite hydrogels with both adsorption and diffusion into membrane methods using different pH values and albumin concentrations. To understand if uploaded albumin molecules preserved their secondary conformation in different formulations, we monitored the effect of pH and albumin concentration on the conformational changes in albumin after it was released from the hydrogels by using CD-UV spectroscopy analyses. Our results indicate that at pH 6.4, BSA-containing films preserved the protein's folded structure while the protein was being released to the external buffer solutions. In vitro wound healing assay indicated that albumin-loaded hydrogels showed no toxic effects on the fibroblast cells.
ABSTRACT
Various zeolites were kept in simulated body fluid (SBF) for different periods of time. Possible changes that may occur in the crystalline structures of zeolites and the chemical composition of SBF were determined by various analysis techniques after this treatment. The possible effects of two different zeolites on the morphology and viability of chronic myelogeneous leukemia and swiss albino fibroblast culture cells were also investigated. It was determined that when different types of zeolites were kept in the SBF for up to 14 days, their crystal structures were not affected. Observable amounts of Si were detected in the SBF samples after their treatment with all the zeolites investigated. Another variation in the chemical composition of SBF, worth to mention, was the increase of about 10% in its K content after the treatment carried out by using clinoptilolite. The zeolites KA and silicalite, which allowed the lowest and highest amount of silicon transfer into the SBF, respectively, were observed not to have any significant biological effect on the two different cell generations investigated under the conditions used in this study.
