ABSTRACT
The aim of this multi-center retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) after second-line treatment with pembrolizumab in patients (n = 167) with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors expressed programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in ≥ 1% and to search for hematological and imaging biomarkers associated with its development. Prior to chemotherapy, neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio (NLR1) and platelet : lymphocyte ratio (PLR1), and prior to immunotherapy, NLR2 and PLR2 were retrospectively analyzed. The psoas major muscle area (PMMA) was calculated at the L3 position on computed tomography before chemotherapy (PMMA1) and before immunotherapy (PMMA2) (n = 112). Patients with ∆PMMA (1-PMMA2/PMMA1) × 100 ≥ 10% were considered to have sarcopenia (low muscle mass). After treatment with pembrolizumab on the first computerized tomography (CT) scan evaluation, patients were subdivided as follows as: hyperprogressors (HPs), progressors (Ps), non-progressors (NPs) and pseudoprogressors (PPs). HPs had significantly higher ∆PMMA levels, NLR2 and PLR2 than the other patients. Moreover, in multinomial logistic regression analysis, higher levels of ∆PMMA were associated with a decreased likelihood of being a P [odds ratio (OR) = 0·81; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0·65-0·99; P = 0·047] or an NP (OR = 0·76; 95% CI = 0·62-0·94; P = 0·012) versus an HP. Higher NLRs tended to decrease the likelihood of being a P versus an HP (OR = 0·66; 95% CI = 0·42-1·06; P = 0·09) and significantly decreased the likelihood of being an NP versus an HP (OR = 0·44; 95% CI = 0·28-0·69; P < 0·0001). Our data suggest that a high pre-immunotherapy NLR2 and the presence of sarcopenia are potential risk factors for the development of HPD.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Lymphocytes , Neutrophils , Sarcopenia , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/immunology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/immunology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphocyte Count , Lymphocytes/immunology , Lymphocytes/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neutrophils/immunology , Neutrophils/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Sarcopenia/chemically induced , Sarcopenia/diagnostic imaging , Sarcopenia/immunology , Sarcopenia/pathologyABSTRACT
The goal of the present paper is to discuss diagnosis, treatment approaches and histopathologic characteristics of breast cancer developing during pregnancy, based on our results and published literature data. We retrospectively evaluated clinical and pathologic features of tumors, treatment methods, decisions related to pregnancy and final outcome by eight pregnant patients with breast cancer. The patients' age varied from 26 to 36 years. At the last medical examination in October 2013, three among all eight patients were alive, two of them were without local and distant recurrence, and one patient has distant metastases and is carrying out a treatment. The aim of this paper was to discuss the characteristics of breast cancer developing during pregnancy. Retrospectively have been analyzed clinical-pathological characteristics of the tumors in eight pregnant women with breast cancer, the treatment, the management of the pregnancy, and the final outcome. The results are analyzed by comparing with data published in the literature.
