ABSTRACT
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a geometrical isomer of linoleic acid, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity properties. However, the studies reported inconstant results about the CLA-related effects on lipid profiles. As a result, meta-analysis and systematic review were performed to survey the CLA supplementation-related effect on lipid profile including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). To identify the relevant research, a systematic comprehensive search was initiated on the medical databases such as Scopus and PubMed/Medline until December 2022. The overall effect size was estimated by weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random effect meta-analysis. In the final quantitative analysis, the meta-analysis considered 35 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1,476 participants (707 controls and 769 cases). The pooled results demonstrated that CLA supplementation, compared with olive oil, significantly increased serum TG levels (WMD: 0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.1; p = 0.04; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.91). With regard to TC level, CLA supplementation compared with placebo significantly reduced TC concentrations (WMD: -0.08 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.14 to -0.02; p < 0.001; I2 = 82.4%). Moreover, the non-linear dose-response analysis indicated a decreasing trend of TC serum level from the 15th week of CLA supplementation compared with olive oil (Pnon-linearity = 0.01). The present meta-analysis and systematic review of 35 RCTs showed that the CLA intervention was able to raise the level of TG in comparison to olive oil; however, it can decrease TC level compared with placebo and olive oil.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The incidence of second malignancies in breast cancer survivors has increased because of early detection and improved cancer treatment modalities. The synchronous occurrence of chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the same patient is higher than in the general population. Several factors, including the history of chemotherapy with alkylating agents, genetic alteration, and long-term survival of breast cancer patients may explain this condition, but further research is needed. Case Presentation: In the present report, we discussed the case of a 48-year-old female who had clear cell RCC; 5 months after the diagnosis of CLL and 15 years after invasive ductal carcinoma. Conclusion: Considering the continued elevated risk of second cancers in patients with breast cancer and CLL in a clinical setting, clinicians should be made aware of ongoing medical surveillance.
ABSTRACT
Background: Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) frequently experience the chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP). Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation in the management of CKD-aP in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: In this triple blind, randomized clinical trial, the effect of the omega-3 supplement on uremic CKD-aP was assessed in 112 chronic hemodialysis patients at Caspian Hemodialysis Center in Rasht, Iran. Patients were randomly divided into the intervention group receiving omega-3 supplements (3 g/day) and the control group receiving placebo containing MCT oil for 2 months. Results: Omega-3 supplementation had no effect on CKD-aP. The results did not change after adjusting for age and sex, additional adjustments for weight, height, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use, additional adjustments for underlying diseases and weight, height, physical activity, smoking, and drinking alcohol, and further adjustments for underlying diseases and biochemical indices. Discussion: Omega-3 supplementation for 2 months had no effect on CKD-aP in patients with CKD. Further studies with longer duration are warranted. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.irct.ir/trial/66638, IRCT20151226025699N6.
ABSTRACT
Previous studies investigated low-calorie diets (LCD), very-low-calorie diets (VLCD), and very-low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) in relation to weight loss and outcomes for bariatric surgery patients. However, the overall effects of these diets on various outcomes remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the impact of preoperative restricted calorie diets on weight, body mass index (BMI), operation time (OT), and hospital stay (HS) in bariatric surgery patients. Seventeen articles were analyzed, revealing the highest weight loss (-8.62) and BMI reduction (-5.75) with VLCKD. Due to insufficient data, the impact of these diets on OT and HS could not be determined. Further interventional studies are required to determine the ideal preoperative diet that achieves optimal weight loss, patient compliance, tolerance, acceptance, and surgical outcomes.
