ABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hyptis suaveolens is used by the traditional population in several parts of the world to treat inflammation, gastric ulcer and infection and is used as a crude drug to relieve symptoms related with gastric ulcer or gastritis in northeaster and central region of Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the standardized ethanolic extract (Hs-EtOHE) and hexanic fraction (Hs-HexF) of Hyptis suaveolens (62,5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated in several models of acute gastric ulcers. The participation of NO was evaluated by pretreatment with L-NAME and non-protein sulfyhydryls by NEM in the gastroprotective effect. RESULTS: Hs-EtOHE and Hs-HexF markedly reduced the gastric lesions induced by all ulcerogenic agents (HCl/ethanol, ethanol, NSAIDs and hypothermic restraint-stress). Gastric ulcerations were exacerbated by administration of NEM suggesting that the gastroprotective mechanism of action of Hs-EtOHE and Hs-HexF involves sulfhydryl groups. CONCLUSION: Ours results show that an extract of Hyptis suaveolens, administered orally to rodents, present gastro protective activity in different models of acute of gastric ulcer and give some support to the reported claims on the use of this plant as a gastro protective agent.
Subject(s)
Hyptis , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Animals , Ethanol , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Hydrochloric Acid , Ligation , Male , Phytotherapy , Piroxicam , Plant Components, Aerial , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Stomach Ulcer/etiology , Stomach Ulcer/pathologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effects of discretamine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Duguetia magnolioidea Maas, on the cardiovascular system, using a combined in vivo and in vitro approach. Blood pressure and heart rate measurements, as well as changes in isometric tension in rat superior mesenteric arterial rings, elicited by discretamine were recorded. In normotensive non-anaesthetized rats (n = 6), discretamine (0.01; 0.05; 0.1; 0.5; 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg i.v., randomly) injections produced hypotension (-5.2 +/- 1.7; -5.1 +/- 2.1; -7.7 +/- 2; -8.9 +/- 1.7; -9.6 +/- 2.2; -16.8 +/- 2.8 and -13.4 +/- 1.3 mmHg, respectively) accompanied by tachycardia (24.2 +/- 6.1; 36.8 +/- 11.3; 44.2 +/- 7.7; 45.9 +/- 6.4; 48.2 +/- 9.1; 72.1 +/- 14.5 and 64 +/- 17 bpm, respectively). Hypotensive and tachycardic responses were significantly attenuated after L-NAME (20 mg/kg, i.v.) administration. In isolated rat mesenteric artery rings, with endothelium intact, discretamine (10(-12) - 10(-5) M) induced concentration-dependent relaxation of the contractions induced by phenylephrine (10 microM) [pD2 = 6.8 +/- 0.1]. The effect of the discretamine on phenylephrine induced contractions was significantly attenuated after removal of the vascular endothelium [pD2 = 5.8 +/- 0.04]. Similar results were obtained after pre-treatment with L-NAME 100 microM [pD2 = 5.8 +/- 0.04], L-NAME 300 microM [pD2 = 5.9 +/- 0.06], Hydroxocobalamin 30 microM [pD2 = 5.8 +/- 0.06] or ODQ 10 microM [pD2 = 5.8 +/- 0.04]. In addition, in rabbit aorta endothelial cell line, discretamine significantly increased NO3- levels. These results suggest that the hypotensive effect induced by discretamine is probably due to a peripheral vasodilatation, at least, in part, due to the release of NO from vascular endothelium and consequent activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC) in the vascular smooth muscle cells.
Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Berberine Alkaloids/pharmacology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiology , Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors/physiology , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects , Nitric Oxide/physiology , Animals , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Heart Rate/drug effects , Male , Mesenteric Arteries/drug effects , Muscle Relaxation/drug effects , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Rabbits , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
A phytochemical study of the ethanol extract and an extraction of the volatile compounds, performed by means of Clevenger apparatus were carried out with the stem of Fusaea longifolia (Aubl.) Saff. (Annonaceae). The ethanol extract yielded O-methylmoschatoline, isolated for the first time in this species, and stepholidine, reported for the first time in genus Fusaea. The structural identification of the alkaloids was made based on the analysis of their NMR spectra. Through the use of GC and GC-MS, two sesquiterpenoids, a-cadinol (12.5 percent) and spatulenol (12.0 percent) were identified as the major constituents of the essential oil.
ABSTRACT
Extraction and activation of the tuna zymogen is influenced by temperature, pH, salt concentration and freshness of the stomach tissue. The presence of 25% NaCl in the extraction process markedly enhanced the yield of tuna gastric enzyme. The milk-coagulating time for both tuna protease and rennet, at an incubation temperature of 32 degrees C, was dependent, at similar level, on the pH (5.5-6.4) of the milk as a substrate. Tuna protease was less sensitive to losses of activity than rennet at pH values above 6.4. Both enzymes became unstable beyond pH 7.0 and completely lost their activities at pH 8.0. The purpose of this study was to determine the best conditions for recovery of the fish enzyme and to compare its behavior to that of rennet.
Subject(s)
Cheese , Endopeptidases/isolation & purification , Gastric Mucosa/enzymology , Tuna/metabolism , Animals , Chymosin , Food Handling , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Milk Proteins , Protein Denaturation , Sodium Chloride , TemperatureABSTRACT
PIP: 71 maternal deaths at the Hospital Central Militar (Central Military Hospital) over the 12-year period 1968-1979 were reviewed. Maternal mortality rate was 23.07% which is higher than for the rest of the population. The most frequent type of mortality was due to obstetrical causes (69.01%) and here it was infection, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and hemorrhage which were most frequent. Among nonobstetrical causes, viral hepatitis was the most frequent. Death occurred more often among young women ages 21-25 with 2-4 previous deliveries. Death was considered evitable and probably evitable in 50 cases (70.42%). Of these, 62% were the responsibility of physicians and hospitals, while the rest were attributable to the patient and the community. (author's modified)^ieng
Subject(s)
Maternal Mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Bacterial Infections/mortality , Female , Hepatitis, Viral, Human , Hospitals, Military , Humans , Mexico , Middle Aged , Obstetric Labor Complications/mortality , Pregnancy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Se revisaron 71 casos de muerte materna ocurrida en el Hospital Central Militar en un periodo de 12 anos (1968-1979), encontrando una tasa de mortalidad materna de 23.07, elevada con respecto a la nacional y a la de otras instituciones nacionales.El tipo mas frecuente de muerte materna fue la obstetrica directa (69.01 por ciento) y en ella la infeccion, la preeclampsia-eclampsia y la hemorragia fueron los padecimientos mas importantes. Entre las causas no obstetricas fue la hepatitis viral la mas frecuente. La muerte ocurrio con mayor frecuencia en mujeres jovenes, entre 21 y 25 anos, con paridad previa de dos a cuatro partos. Se clasificaron como evitables y probablemente evitables 50 casos (70.42 por ciento) y de ellos, en 62 por ciento se asigno la responsabilidad a medicos y hospital y en el resto a la misma paciente y a la comunidad
