[Digestive pathology and oral condition in the rural populations of the Ferlo in Senegal]. / Pathologie digestive et état bucco-dentaire chez les populations rurales du Ferlo au Sénégal.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this work was to study the association between dental and periodontal status and digestive pathology in the Ferlo populations in Senegal. METHOD: This was a cross sectional study involving 300 people living in the area of the Ferlo in the Centre East of Senegal. Selected individuals must be over the age of 15 years and resided in the area. Cluster sampling helped recruit individuals. Collected information related to digestive pathology (yes or no), periodontal status (plate index, inflammation, bleeding, loss of attachment, the depth of pocket and the CPITN.) Dental status was evaluated by the DMFT. The data analyzed with software R and the Student's t test used to compare the averages of the indices in both groups at the threshold of 5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to isolate the final model with a threshold of 5%. RESULTS: Averages of dental and periodontal index were broadly equal in both groups (sick and not sick). The DMF and missing teeth were significantly associated with the digestive pathology after adjustment on gender, age, BMI, marital status, the number of cigarettes smoked and the depth of pocket. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a significant association between dental status and digestive pathology. The comprehensive care of patients therefore raises the interest of collaboration between surgeons, dentists and gastroenterologists for effective and adequate treatment.

[Relationship between menopause and tooth loss]. / Période de la ménopause, mortalité dentaire et facteurs systémiques.

This work proposes to evaluate the relationship between menopause and oral health by a cross-sectional study conducted on 202 menopausal women with or without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and not menopausal women, with backgrounds socio-economic and socio-cultural variety and aged 42 to 80 years. Two hundred and two patients were the subject of an interrogation and a detailed clinical examination. Relations between menopausal and dental mortality were determined by bi and multi analyses varied. The result notes that the number of missing teeth is lowest among women from backgrounds socio - economic favored (p = 0.015). In addition, the number of missing teeth is highly correlated with dry mouth (p = 0,000). On the other hand, postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy have less missing teeth than postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy, (p = 0.02). In addition, the number of missing teeth is significantly increased in non-diabetic heart women, (OR = 1,215). This result is essentially the same in heart patient, non-diabetic postmenopausal patients without HRT, (OR = 1,214). Finally, we note a link between stressful events and dental mortality (p = 0.042).

Characteristics and prediction of the alveolar bone loss: essay of modeling.

The alveolar bone loss is a phenomenon which intervenes throughout the life and which can be aggravated by the action of individual and behavioural factors. From this observation we shall try to characterize it and to propose formulas of prediction of the alveolar bone loss according to the age of the patient. We shall expose an analysis of factors bound to the alveolar bone loss and propose a modeling of the alveolar bone loss according to the age in an essentially predictive purpose. The methodology is based on the medical exploitation of CT-dentascanners and medical questionnaire as well as administrative questionnaire used in odontology. Measures of the distance ECJ and the summit of crest are made on the radiology and the individual factors and behavioural factors are scored. The descriptive analysis of the data allowed us to characterize the phenomenon of alveolar bone loss in a therapeutic purpose. The statistical treatment of these data will establish various models according to gender. The described method is simple and its applications seem numerous in the several domains: prevention, improvement of prosthetic and periodontal therapeutics.

Oral functional characteristics and gastrointestinal pathology: an epidemiological approach.

One of the main problems for aged people is that of having a balanced diet, improved by correct conditioning of the alimentary bolus. Does the masticatory status influence the appearance of gastrointestinal disorders? Such a question justifies the present study. The present work concerned all the patients (211) of eight geriatric institutions, and was completed by a retrospective approach (case-control study). The main result brought by the case-control study, showed that poor oral functional characteristics represent a risk for gastrointestinal pathology (age being neutralized; odds ratio (OR): 2.62). This result indicates that the loss of teeth must be compensated by functionally effective dentures. Not only will the patients' physical and psychic health improve but also medical and public health problems will be solved.

Polymetallism and osseointegration in oral implantology: pilot study on primate.

In oral implantology, successful results in osseointegration are obtained in the medium term (6-12 months) with commercially pure titanium implants. However, current superstructures can be of a different nature (precious metal or titanium) and of different manufacture (cast or machine-produced). Polymetallism between the implant and the superstructure may lead to conditions of galvanic corrosion, and influence osseointegration. The study described establishes, on the one hand, the procedures of animal experimentation in primates and on the other, the techniques of analysis of histological sections. The first technique of analysis is based on histomorphometry and leads to the definition of an osseointegration index. The second technique of analysis consists of X spectrometry by dispersion of energy which enables a spectral analysis of selected points below the crestal neck of the implant (vulnerable area in the case of corrosive attack) to be obtained. It is noted that after 6months, two of which were of activation, osseointegration did not vary according to the nature of the superstructure (precious alloy or titanium). After 2 months, the presence of a precious alloy superstructure lead to titanium migration towards the area around the cervical region of the implant (10-50 microm). This phenomenon did not occur with a titanium implant. It can therefore be presumed that polymetallism leads to detectable corrosion after 2 months but without apparent modification of osseointegration.

Speech intelligibility in patients with complete dentures according to the material used.

The principal purpose of this study was to investigate the speech of two edentulous subjects fitted with a complete maxillary prosthesis made of three different palatal materials: aluminium, resin, stellite. The study was performed using two speakers fitted with a prosthesis (a man and a woman). They took part in the acoustic recording of logatoms read by themselves while wearing various prostheses. These recordings were tested from the auditory point of view by a series of six listeners (four men and two women) in an anechoic room. After 144 different tests, a speech reception threshold (SRT) was defined for each speaker and each different prosthesis. This SRT shows a level of speech intelligibility defined so that the lower the SRT, the more intelligible for the listener. The results show that: (i) both the material and the listener influence SRT: (P < 0.05); (ii) an interaction between the material factor and the speaker factor appears. (P < 0.05); (iii) The hierarchy factors influencing SRT are most important in the order: Listener --> material --> speaker; and (d) The group fitted with a metal prosthesis (aluminium, stellite) was more intelligible regarding the way they were perceived by others.

Study of behaviour and endurance of Bioapatite implanted in the periodontium of the dog (closed model).

The principle purpose of this study was to quantify endurance of the biomaterial Bioapatite implanted in periodontal structures of the dog (closed model), such quantification being established by means of indices (Endurance Index and Transformed Endurance Index) obtained as a result of data-processed analysis of histologic images. The investigation further aimed at studying the development of new cementum and the reconstruction of an attachment system. The study was conducted on eight dogs and 222 sections. New cementogenesis and the reconstruction of an attachment system are observed both in the test sites and the reference sites. Endurance of the biomaterial is statistically linked with time: the most substantial decrease in the endurance is observed between two and six months. Traces of the material subsist at month 9. The structure of material masses always remains lacunal on a microscopic scale (highest average Endurance Index observed during the investigation: 30.35%). An osteoid deposit can be continually detected as of the second month around crystalline deposits. Further, this type of deposit was noted on the periphery of the deposits implanted in ectopic position in the supracrestal connective tissue.