ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Knowing the most common microorganisms in our environment can help us to make proper empirical treatment decisions. The aim is to identify those microorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive and prospective study was conducted, including patients over 14 years with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia during a 383 consecutive day period. A record was made of sociodemographic variables, personal history, prognostic severity scales, progress, and pathogenic agents. The aetiological diagnosis was made using blood cultures, detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila urinary antigens, sputum culture, influenza virus and Streptococcus pyogenes detection. Categorical variables are presented as absolute values and percentages, and continuous variables as their means and standard deviations. RESULTS: Of the 287 patients included in the study (42% women, mean age 66±22 years), 10.45% died and 70% required hospital admission. An aetiological diagnosis was achieved in 43 patients (14.98%), with 16 microorganisms found in 59 positive samples. The most frequently isolated pathogen was Streptococcus pneumonia (24/59, 41%), followed by gram-negative enteric bacilli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae isolated in 20% of the samples (12/59), influenza virus (5/59, 9%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (3/59, 5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2/59, 3%), Moraxella catarrhalis (2/59, 3%), Legionella pneumophila (2/59, 3%), and Haemophilus influenza (2/59, 3%). Polymicrobial infections accounted for 14% (8/59). CONCLUSION: A high percentage of atypical microorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia were found.
Subject(s)
Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia, Bacterial/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis , Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia, Bacterial/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis , Pneumonia, Viral/microbiology , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/complications , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/diagnosis , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/drug therapy , Eye Foreign Bodies/complications , Eye Foreign Bodies/diagnosis , Eye Foreign Bodies/surgery , Eye Injuries/epidemiology , Cyclopentolate/therapeutic use , Ophthalmic Solutions/therapeutic use , Lenses, Intraocular , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/physiopathology , Eye Foreign Bodies/prevention & control , Eye Foreign Bodies/physiopathology , Eye Injuries/physiopathology , Tetracaine/therapeutic use , Amoxicillin/therapeutic use , Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use , Eye Injuries/drug therapyABSTRACT
La cianosis es un signo clínico consistente en coloración azulada de piel y mucosas debida a un aumento de la hemoglobina reducida en los capilares, o menos frecuentemente, a la presencia de metahemoglobinemia (forma férrica de la hemoglobina) que puede ser ocasionada por contacto o ingesta de agentes oxidantes exógenos tóxicos como tintes de anilina, nitrobenceno, fármacos o compuestos nitrogenados de diferente procedencia, como son las verduras con alto contenido en nitratos (1 y 2). Presentamos el caso clínico de una lactante de 8 meses que fue traída a urgencias por presentar cianosis labial y de partes acras (manos y pies), sin otro tipo de sintomatología, tras la ingestión de un puré vegetal preparado y conservado a temperatura ambiente. La determinación de metahemoglobina fue del 22,8% mediante determinación por cooximetría. La evolución del lactante fue satisfactoria con tratamiento con oxígeno y observación durante 24 horas (AU)
Cyanosis is a clinical sign due to the presence of bluish coloration of skin and mucosae, caused by an increase in the reduced form of hemoglobin in the capillaries, or, less frequently, to the presence of methemoglobinemia (ferric form of hemoglobin). Its origin can be contact or ingestion of exogenous oxidating toxic agents like aniline dyes, nitrobencene, drugs or nitrogen compounds from different origin or vegetables with high nitrate content (1 and 2). We report a case of a 8-month-old female infant who was brought to the emergency room with no symptoms except cyanosis of the lips and acral areas (hands and feet) after the ingestion of a mixed vegetable puree, prepared and conserved at room temperature. Her methemoglobin level determined by cooximetry was 22.8%. She was treated during 24 hour with oxygen and observation and evolved satisfactorily (AU)
