[High proliferation of An. gambiae and An. funestus larvae in irrigated and non-irrigated rice fields in the Western forest region of Côte-d'Ivoire]. / Forte prolifération de larves d'An. gambiae et An. funestus en milieux rizicoles irrigués et non irrigués dans la région forestière ouest de la Côte-d'Ivoire.

Entomological surveys were conducted in the forest region of western Côte-d'Ivoire from November 1998 to December 1999 in order to study the ecology of mosquito breeding sites and bioecology of Culicidae. Three following agro-systems were considered: landscaped lowland (R0), the lowland with one growing season of rice per year (R1) and the lowland with two seasonal production of irrigated rice field per year (R2). Two villages were selected by agro-system, and cross-sectional entomological surveys were conducted every six weeks in each village. A total of 5,839 larvae of mosquitoes were collected in the different categories of breeding sites surveyed. From these larvae, 2,199 imagos emerged, giving an emergence rate equal to 37.7%. Nine species belonging to three genera were identified. The genus Anopheles with 1,828 larvae represented 83.1% of the total. Five anophelinae species were identified. An. ziemanni was the most abundant species with 751 larvae (32.5% of the total). An. funestus with 531 larvae represented 24.1% of the total. Larvae from this species were collected in river with raised vegetation and in irrigated rice field at transplanting and cut stages. About 559 larvae of An. gambiae representing 25.4% of the total were collected from artificial breeding sites, particularly in rice fields after the planting stage. Additionally, 38,626 anthropophilic mosquitoes were collected on 936 mannight catches in the study area. Thirty species belonging to seven genera were identified in the three agro-systems. In the villages of the agro-system R0, 2,675 mosquitoes were collected on landing catches. In the villages of the agro-ecosystem R1, 11,311 mosquitoes were collected, which was 4.2 higher than the number collected in the village of agro-system R0 for the same sampling effort. In the village of the agro-system R2, 24,640 mosquitoes were collected, which was 9.2 higher than the number collected in the agro-system R0 and 2.2 higher than the number collected in the agro-system R1. In the villages of agrosystems R0, R1 and R2, An. gambiae represented respectively 72.1%, 56% and 58.3% of anophelinae species collected, whereas An. funestus represented 25.6%, 40% and 31.9% of anophelinae species collected, in the same agrosystems, respectively. These results showed that areas of irrigated rice fields favoured the development of larvae from An. gambiae and An. funestus.

[Bio-ecological characteristics of Anopheles gambiae s.s. in irrigated rice fields of central Côte d'Ivoire]. / Caractéristiques bioécologiques d'Anopheles gambiae s.s. en zones de riziculture irriguée au centre de la Côte d'Ivoire.

This longitudinal entomological survey was conducted between September 2008 and September 2009 in the villages of Abokro and Yaokoffikro located in an irrigated rice farming area of central Côte d'Ivoire. The purpose was to investigate the bio-ecological characteristics of Anopheles gambiae s.s. during the gonotrophic cycle. In both villages, adult mosquitoes were captured in 72 light traps, collected on humans subjects at a rate of 72 man-night from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m., and knocked down using pyrethroid spray inside 60 sentinel houses in the early morning. A total of 10,312 adult mosquitoes were collected in Abokro and 7,662 in Yaokoffikro. Anopheles was the dominant genus at both locations. Light traps were three times more efficient in Abokro than in Yaokoffikro. In both places, An. gambiae s.s. biting rates increased gradually up to a peak observed between midnight and 1 a.m. In Abokro, most An. gambiae s.s. were collected inside sleeping rooms. The endophagic rate and indoor resting density was 67.4% (n = 4798) and 14.9 females per bedroom per night, respectively, in Abokro as compared to 49.3% (n = 6775) and 2.9 females per bedroom per day, respectively, in Yaokoffikro.

[Malaria transmission in an area of high coverage with long lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d'Ivoire]. / Transmission du paludisme en zone de haute couverture en moustiquaires imprégnées d'insecticide de longue durée, au centre de la Côte d'Ivoire.

The purpose of this study was to assess malaria transmission in an area of high coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in central Côte d'Ivoire. Two four-day larva collections were carried out in April and July 2008. Adult mosquito samples were collected by conducting human bait catches during a total of 80 man-nights. Vector infection rates were determined using an ELISA circumsporozoite antibody test. A total of 1582 mosquitoes were captured. Mansonia was the dominant genus in the culcidian fauna followed by Anopheles that was dominant in the anopheline fauna. The only Plasmodium vector was An. gambiae s.l. The high household bednet coverage rate probably accounted for the relatively low biting rate: 0.75 to 4.15 bites per person per night (b/p/n). Households not using bednets appear to have benefited from a passive protection effect associated with high LLIN coverage. Biting and entomological inoculation rates were 2.25 to 4.1 b/p/n (range) and 0.184 ib/p/n respectively in households that did not use LLINs and 0.75 to 4.15 b/p/n (range) and 0.341 ib/p/n respectively in households using LLINs.