ABSTRACT
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common malignant pelvic tumor in the young child, occurring typically in children aged 2-4 years. It arises from the prostate or the trigone of the bladder in boys, and from the vagina or uterus in girls. We report a case of bladder rhabdomyosarcoma and discuss the ultrasonographic images. The mass produced filling defect on the contrast cystogram and also was demonstrated with CT.
Subject(s)
Rhabdomyosarcoma/diagnostic imaging , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Child , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Rhabdomyosarcoma/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
In the present study salivary IgA, anti-Escherichia coli, anti-beta-lactoglobulin and anti-poliovirus type 1 IgA and IgM in serum and saliva were evaluated longitudinally in 13 breast-fed and 14 formula-fed infants over the first six months of life. Salivary IgA was quantified by electroimmunodiffusion; specific IgA and IgM antibodies were determined in serum and saliva by ELISA. Salivary IgA was significantly lower at age one month in breast-fed compared with formula-fed infants but in breast-fed infants salivary IgA increased with age and was significantly higher at six months than at one month. In both groups of infants, at the age of six months, salivary IgA levels were significantly lower than in adult controls. No significant differences in secretory anti-E. coli were observed between the two groups of infants. Salivary anti-poliovirus IgA and IgM antibodies increased transiently only to disappear in most babies at age six months, while anti-beta lactoglobulin IgA and IgM, present in saliva at all ages, showed a wide scatter. No important differences in specific serum IgA or IgM antibodies were observed either between the groups or at different times within the groups.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Bottle Feeding , Breast Feeding , Escherichia coli Infections/immunology , Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Lactoglobulins/immunology , Poliomyelitis/immunology , Saliva , Age Factors , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Humans , Immunity, Maternally-Acquired/immunology , Immunodiffusion , Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Longitudinal StudiesABSTRACT
The precision of the Ballard scale for assessing gestational age (GA) was evaluated in a consecutive sample of 227 preterm and/or low-birth-weight neonates. Each newborn was rated independently by two neonatologists and the difference in GA estimation between them was computed. The estimated precision was not high, the 95% tolerance interval estimate being as large as 7.4 weeks. The precision of the neurologic and physical parts of the scale was poorer than that of the complete scale (95% of differences less than 10.5 and 9.2 weeks respectively), and more influenced by the type of delivery. These findings are not unexpected from statistical theory, and cast doubts on the use of only the physical part of the Ballard scale in assessing GA, since greater accuracy could be accompanied by reduced precision.
