ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is characterized by the loss of active pancreatic enzymes and a resulting severely reduced food digestion. EPI therapy requires orally applied pancreatic enzyme replacement. The gut microbiome is a known mediator of intestinal diseases and may influence the outcome of EPI and the effects of a pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT). Here, we analyzed the effects of EPI and PERT on the gut microbiome in the model of pancreatic duct ligated minipigs. RESULTS: The microbial community composition in pig feces was analyzed by next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons. The data were evaluated for α- and ß-diversity changes and changes at the different Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) levels by Shannon-Wiener and inverse Simpson index calculation as well as by Principal Coordinates Analysis based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. Microbial α-diversity was reduced after EPI induction and reverted to nearly healthy state after PERT. Analysis of microbial composition and ß-diversity showed distinctive clusters of the three study groups and a change towards a composition comparable to healthy animals upon PERT. The relative abundance of possible pathobionts like Escherichia/Shigella, Acinetobacter or Stenotrophomonas was reduced by PERT. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that EPI-induced dysbiosis could be reverted by PERT to a nearly healthy state. Elevated α-diversity and the reduction of bacterial overgrowth after PERT promises benefits for EPI patients. Non-invasive microbiome studies may be useful for EPI therapy monitoring and as marker for response to PERT.