Rotavirus Infection Enhances Levels of Autoantibodies Against Islet Cell Antigens GAD65 and IA-2 in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Some studies implicate rotavirus infection as a trigger for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children, however findings are controversial. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the link between rotavirus infection and autoantibodies against islet antigens and T1DM in children. METHODS: Serum samples from 80 new-onset diabetic and 80 nondiabetic children were screened for anti-rotavirus IgG, anti-GAD65 and anti-IA-2 autoantibodies using ELISA kits. RESULTS: Positivity percentages of anti-rotavirus IgG detection in diabetic and nondiabetic children were 51.3% and 35.0%, respectively (p = 0.03). The mean anti-GAD65 and anti-IA-2 antibody titers in anti-rotavirus IgG positive samples were statistically higher than that the anti-rotavirus IgG negative samples. A positive correlation was found between anti-rotavirus IgG and anti-GAD65 antibody levels (p = 0.004; r = 0.22). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that rotovirus infection may induce T1DM in children.

Application of Human Acellular Breast Dermal Matrix (ABDM) in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: An Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND: The use of acellular dermal matrices (ABDM) has become more common for breast reconstruction to improve postoperative outcomes. We evaluated the efficacy of breast reconstruction by the application of human ABDM in a sheep model. METHODS: The sheep in group I (GI) (N = 4) underwent the following procedures on the right side: (1) breast reconstruction using human ABDM after total mastectomy, (2) human ABDM under the skin, near the breast area and on the left side, (3) fat injection and human ABDM after partial mastectomy, and (4) replacement of ABDM in the abdominal wall far from the breast. Sheep in group II (GII) (N = 4) underwent the following procedures. On the right side: (1) breast reconstruction using ABDM after total mastectomy, (2) replacement of ABDM under the skin, near the breast area, and on the left side, (3) application of vicryl synthetic mesh after partial mastectomy and (4) replacement of mesh under the skin, near the breast area. RESULTS: Histological evaluations of decellularized skin scaffolds demonstrated a collagen-based matrix with preserved ECM and complete nuclear removal. Histological evaluations of implanted ABDM demonstrated a viable matrix with fibroblast infiltration and revascularization in all follow-ups. The overall surgical complication rate was significantly lower in the ABDM implant under the skin and near the breast in both short- and long-term follow-ups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that the application of novel prepared ABDMs has promising outcomes for breast reconstruction to provide total coverage without the need for breast expansion before implant placement. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266.

A novel technique for simultaneous whole-body and multi-organ decellularization: umbilical artery catheterization as a perfusion-based method in a sheep foetus model.

The aim of this study was to develop a method to generate multi-organ acellular matrices. Using a foetal sheep model have developed a method of systemic pulsatile perfusion via the umbilical artery which allows for simultaneous multi-organ decellularization. Twenty sheep foetuses were systemically perfused with Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulphate. Following completion of the whole-body decellularization, multiple biopsy samples were taken from different parts of 21 organs to ascertain complete cell component removal in the preserved extracellular matrices. Both the natural and decellularized organs were subjected to several examinations. The samples were obtained from the skin, eye, ear, nose, throat, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, musculoskeletal, central nervous and peripheral nervous systems. The histological results depicted well-preserved extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity and intact vascular structures, without any evidence of residual cellular materials, in all decellularized bioscaffolds. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and biochemical properties remained intact, similar to their age-matched native counterparts. Preservation of the collagen structure was evaluated by a hydroxyproline assay. Dense organs such as bone and muscle were also completely decellularized, with a preserved ECM structure. Thus, as shown in this study, several organs and different tissues were decellularized using a perfusion-based method, which has not been previously accomplished. Given the technical challenges that exist for the efficient generation of biological scaffolds, the current results may pave the way for obtaining a variety of decellularized scaffolds from a single donor. In this study, there have been unique responses to the single acellularization protocol in foetuses, which may reflect the homogeneity of tissues and organs in the developing foetal body.

The Effect of 10 Weeks Resistance Training on Cholesterol and Blood Triglyceride Levels of Patients with Fatty Liver Disease.

The present study aims to consider the effect of 10 weeks resistance trainings on cholesterol and blood triglyceride (TG) levels of patients with having fatty liver, aged 50 to 60 in National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC). This research is practical and its plan has been done experimentally with pretest and post-test on experimental and control groups. In this study, 20 samples from 100 patients who referred to sonography clinic in NISOC with distinction of fatty liver were selected randomly and divided into two groups of control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 10). Cholesterol and blood trigly-ceride were measured as pretest. Test of normality for TG was (p = 0/200) by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and (p = 0/070) for cholesterol by Shapiro-Wilk test. After 10 weeks resistance trainings, the analysis and resolution of data were done by computer and SPSS (16) software as well as the descriptive and statistical methods (t-test). Comparison between these two groups showed that 8 weeks resistance trainings with a ≤ 0.05 causes significant decrease in the amount of TG but did not any significant effect on cholesterol of fatty liver patients. How to cite this article: Valizadeh R, Askarabadi SH, Karampour S, Tehrani MA. The Effect of 10 Weeks Resistance Training on Cholesterol and Blood Triglyceride Levels of Patients with Fatty Liver Disease. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2014;4(1):64-65.