Integrative phylogenetic, phylogeographic and morphological characterisation of the Unio crassus species complex reveals cryptic diversity with important conservation implications.

The global decline of freshwater mussels and their crucial ecological services highlight the need to understand their phylogeny, phylogeography and patterns of genetic diversity to guide conservation efforts. Such knowledge is urgently needed for Unio crassus, a highly imperilled species originally widespread throughout Europe and southwest Asia. Recent studies have resurrected several species from synonymy based on mitochondrial data, revealing U. crassus to be a complex of cryptic species. To address long-standing taxonomic uncertainties hindering effective conservation, we integrate morphometric, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic analyses to examine species diversity within the U. crassus complex across its entire range. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (815 specimens from 182 populations) and, for selected specimens, whole mitogenome sequences and Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) data on âˆ¼ 600 nuclear loci. Mito-nuclear discordance was detected, consistent with mitochondrial DNA gene flow between some species during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Fossil-calibrated phylogenies based on AHE data support a Mediterranean origin for the U. crassus complex in the Early Miocene. The results of our integrative approach support 12 species in the group: the previously recognised Unio bruguierianus, Unio carneus, Unio crassus, Unio damascensis, Unio ionicus, Unio sesirmensis, and Unio tumidiformis, and the reinstatement of five nominal taxa: Unio desectusstat. rev., Unio gontieriistat. rev., Unio mardinensisstat. rev., Unio nanusstat. rev., and Unio vicariusstat. rev. Morphometric analyses of shell contours reveal important morphospace overlaps among these species, highlighting cryptic, but geographically structured, diversity. The distribution, taxonomy, phylogeography, and conservation of each species are succinctly described.

Pattern of anuran infection by acanthocephalans from the Cerrado, Northeastern Brazil with a summary for South America.

In Brazil, acanthocephalans parasitise anurans in several biomes. In the present study, we performed an analysis of acanthocephalan infections across 175 anuran individuals from the Cerrado biome, belonging to ten species: Boana raniceps, Pithecopus hypochondrialis, Scinax fuscomarginatus, Scinax x-signatus, Leptodactylus pustulatus, Leptodactylus macrosternum, Leptodactylus vastus, Physalaemus cuvieri, Adenomera hylaedactyla, and Elachistocleis piauiensis. We also verified the specificity of the parasites using the STD* index. Additionally, we conducted a survey of acanthocephalan infection in anurans in South America. The studied assemblage in the Brazilian Cerrado presented 57 parasitised hosts of 175 specimens (overall prevalence: 32.6%). In total, 437 acanthocephalans cystacanths were recorded, among which 286 presented the same morphotype but could not be identified, 148 belonged to the genus Centrorhynchus, and three belonged to Oncicola. Unidentified acanthocephalans had a higher prevalence in L. vastus (53.85%) and the highest intensity was in L. pustulatus (17±16). The highest prevalence of Centrorhynchus sp. was in the species S. fuscomarginatus (28.57%), while the highest intensity was observed in L. vastus (111). The taxon Oncicola sp. it had a prevalence of 3.23% and an intensity of 3 only in S. x-signatus. The highest specificity was recorded for Oncicola sp. (STD*= 1), whereas the lowest was found in Centrorhynchus sp. (STD*= 2.21). Finally, according to the survey for South America, we found ten records of acanthocephalan taxa parasitizing 58 species of anurans distributed in seven countries (Brazil with the most records).

Particle-based model of liquid crystal skyrmion dynamics.

Motivated by recent experimental results that reveal rich collective dynamics of thousands-to-millions of active liquid crystal skyrmions, we have developed a coarse-grained, particle-based model of the dynamics of skyrmions in a dilute regime. The basic physical mechanism of skyrmion motion is related to squirming undulations of domains with high director twist within the skyrmion cores when the electric field is turned on and off. The motion is not related to mass flow and is caused only by the reorientation dynamics of the director field. Based on the results of the "fine-grained" Frank-Oseen continuum model, we have mapped these squirming director distortions onto an effective force that acts asymmetrically upon switching the electrical field on or off. The resulting model correctly reproduces the skyrmion dynamics, including velocity reversal as a function of the frequency of a pulse width modulated driving voltage. We have also obtained approximate analytical expressions for the phenomenological model parameters encoding their dependence upon the cholesteric pitch and the strength of the electric field. This has been achieved by fitting coarse-grained skyrmion trajectories to those determined in the framework of the Frank-Oseen model.

Candidate biomarkers of antibiotic resistance for the monitoring of wastewater and the downstream environment.

Urban wastewater treatment plants (UWTPs) are essential for reducing the pollutants load and protecting water bodies. However, wastewater catchment areas and UWTPs emit continuously antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), with recognized impacts on the downstream environments. Recently, the European Commission recommended to monitor antibiotic resistance in UWTPs serving more than 100 000 population equivalents. Antibiotic resistance monitoring in environmental samples can be challenging. The expected complexity of these systems can jeopardize the interpretation capacity regarding, for instance, wastewater treatment efficiency, impacts of environmental contamination, or risks due to human exposure. Simplified monitoring frameworks will be essential for the successful implementation of analytical procedures, data analysis, and data sharing. This study aimed to test a set of biomarkers representative of ARG contamination, selected based on their frequent human association and, simultaneously, rare presence in pristine environments. In addition to the 16S rRNA gene, ten potential biomarkers (intI1, sul1, ermB, ermF, aph(3'')-Ib, qacEΔ1, uidA, mefC, tetX, and crAssphage) were monitored in DNA extracts (n = 116) from raw wastewater, activated sludge, treated wastewater, and surface water (upstream and downstream of UWTPs) samples collected in the Czech Republic, Denmark, Israel, the Netherlands, and Portugal. Each biomarker was sensitive enough to measure decreases (on average by up to 2.5 log-units gene copy/mL) from raw wastewater to surface water, with variations in the same order of magnitude as for the 16S rRNA gene. The use of the 10 biomarkers allowed the typing of water samples whose origin or quality could be predicted in a blind test. The results show that, based on appropriate biomarkers, qPCR can be used for a cost-effective and technically accessible approach to monitoring wastewater and the downstream environment.

Association study between ceftriaxone and a synthetic amide against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria responsible for causing numerous nosocomial infections. The present research aimed to analyze the anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa potential of 2-Chloro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide (A8). The antibacterial potential of A8 was evaluated from the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Association using the checkerboard method. MIC and MBC values were 512 µg/mL for all P. aeruginosa strains evaluated, demonstrating predominantly bactericidal activity. Furthermore, when A8 was associated with the drug ceftriaxone, pharmacological additivity and indifference were evidenced. In this sense, the synthetic amide was interesting, since it demonstrates the potential to become a possible candidate for an antimicrobial drug.

Morphology of 'Crioula' guava seedlings under irrigation with increasing salinity water and nitrogen/potassium fertilization.

Several studies have been conducted evaluating the management of fertilizers as strategies to mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress, so the objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of 'Crioula' guava seedlings under irrigation with water of different salinity levels and fertilized with combinations of nitrogen and potassium. The experiment was performed in a protected (screened) environment using a randomized block design and analyzed in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates, with the plot formed by two plants. The treatments were formed from the combination of the factor electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw 0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1), with the factor combinations (C) of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K2O) doses, being C1 = 70% N + 50% K2O, C2 = 100% N + 75% K2O, C3= 130% N + 100% K2O and C4= 160% N + 125% K2O. The recommended dose of 100% N and K, respectively, was 541.1 mg N dm-3 soil and 798.6 mg K dm-3 soil. The combinations of N and K fertilization corresponding to 70% N + 50% K2O and 100% N + 75% K2O of the recommended doses promoted greater growth of 'Crioula' guava seedlings. Water with ECw of 2.1 dS m-1 promotes the formation of quality 'Crioula' guava seedlings.

The REWRITE Study - REal-WoRld effectIveness of TrifluridinE/tipiracil in Patients with Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

AIMS: In the pivotal RECOURSE trial, trifluridine/tipiracil improved survival outcomes in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), while demonstrating an acceptable toxicity profile. Routine clinical practice evidence is important to support the ongoing value of recently approved medicines. Our objective was to assess the utilisation patterns and real-world effectiveness of trifluridine/tipiracil in previously treated mCRC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study including consecutive patients who started trifluridine/tipiracil between 1 April 2018 and 30 September 2019 in the medical oncology departments of three major public hospitals in Portugal. The primary outcome measure was overall survival. Associations between overall survival and patient and tumour characteristics were assessed using multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: In total, 111 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 64 years. From these, 45.9% received two prior lines of treatment, 47.8% had three or more previous lines of treatment and 83.6% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 at baseline. The median duration of trifluridine/tipiracil treatment was 3.7 cycles (95% confidence interval 3.4-4.1). Most patients (80.4%) remained on their planned dose throughout the trifluridine/tipiracil treatment period, fulfilling 100% relative dose intensity. The median overall survival in the total study cohort was 7.9 months (95% confidence interval 6.4-9.8) and the median progression-free survival was 3.4 months (95% confidence interval 3.2-3.9). The median overall survival was significantly higher in patients with a normal serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (median overall survival 11.2 months for [135, 205] IU/l LDH [95% confidence interval 8.2-NR] and 13.6 months for [205, 251] IU/l LDH [95% confidence interval 8.2-NR]) and in better fitted (ECOG = 0-1) patients (median overall survival 8.0 months; 95% confidence interval 6.7-10.0). The median time to worsening performance status was 6.2 months (95% confidence interval 5.0-8.0). Treatment discontinuation due to adverse events was low (3.1%). CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the effectiveness of trifluridine/tipiracil in real-life mCRC patients. Overall survival and progression-free survival outcomes are consistent with the efficacy profile reported in the earlier randomised RECOURSE clinical trial. Like other real-world studies, we found no additional safety concerns in the use of trifluridine/tipiracil.

Prevention of Caries in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Dental Materials.

This study aims to identify dental materials and their effectiveness in preventing caries in patients after chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the head and neck. The electronic search was performed in PubMed, Science Direct, Embase and Scopus. All 653 articles found passed through a double-blinded screening process. The exclusion of articles by reading titles and abstracts selected 16 articles for full reading, of which 4 were included into the study. A risk of bias analysis for non-randomized and randomized articles was performed using respectively the ROBINS I and ROB II tools. The data extraction suggested that the casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), in association with fluorine, is able to form harder surfaces compared to the control group, the intraoral fluoride-releasing system (IFRS) effectiveness is similar to the fluorine in gel and a mouthwash composed of natural enzymes (Oral7) did not demonstrate effectiveness in the prevention dental caries. New randomized controlled clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention when applying dental materials in patients after treatment of head and neck cancer.

Pressure-dependence Raman spectroscopy and the lattice dynamic calculations of Bi2(MoO4)3 crystal.

This work reports a pressure-dependent Raman spectroscopic study and the theoretical lattice dynamics calculations of a Bi2(MoO4)3 crystal. The lattice dynamics calculations were performed, based on a rigid ion model, to understand the vibrational properties of the Bi2(MoO4)3 system and to assign the experimental Raman modes under ambient conditions. The calculated vibrational properties were helpful to support pressure-dependent Raman results, including eventual structural changes induced by pressure changes. Raman spectra were measured in the spectral region between 20 and 1000 cm-1 and the evolution of the pressures values was recorded in the range of 0.1-14.7 GPa. Pressure-dependent Raman spectra showed changes observed at 2.6, 4.9 and 9.2 GPa, these changes being associated with structural phase transformations. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were performed to infer the critical pressure of phase transformations undergone by the Bi2(MoO4)3 crystal.

Selective recognition of human small transthyretin aggregates by a novel monoclonal antibody.

Biochemical characterisation of transthyretin variant TTR Y78F showed that this variant adopts a tetrameric conformation as normal TTR but exhibits some of the characteristics of an intermediate structure in the fibrillogenesis pathway. It was hypothesised that native Y78F might represent an early event in TTR amyloidogenesis. We immunised TTR knock out mice with recombinant variant TTR Y78F. One stable hybridoma named CE11, of the IgM isotype, was tested for reactivity towards several soluble recombinant TTR variants both amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic. CE11 only recognises the highly amyloidogenic TTR variants L55P, S52P, A97S, Y78F or acidified TTR wt preparations. At the same time, this clone was negative for TTR V30M, soluble wild type protein or TTR T119M. The reactivity increased with oligomer formation and decreased as mature fibrils grow. After size exclusion chromatography (SEC) followed by sandwich ELISA and native immunoblotting, the mAb recognised two peaks (i) peak 1 present in acidified and in soluble variant proteins preparations with material above 146 KDa (ii) peak 2 only present in soluble L55P and S52P TTR preparations with material between 66 and 146 KDa. mAb CE11 may be a potential tool to survey therapeutical agents against TTR aggregation.

Surface Characteristics and Microbial Adhesion in Polymethylmethacrylate for Denture Base Submitted to Antimicrobial Agents and Cleaning Agents: A Systematic Review.

This review aimed to identify the influence of antimicrobial and cleaning agents on surface characteristics such as surface free energy (SFE) and wettability, and microbial adhesion in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for denture base. The review question, based on PICO, was: "Does intervention with antimicrobial and cleaning agents in PMMA influence the surface free energy, wettability, and consequently the microbial adhesion?" and the protocol was registered in Open Science Framework (osf. io/v3xgn). The search was performed in PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus, and Science Direct databases, using the terms: ("acrylic resin" OR PMMA) AND (antimicrobial OR antibacterial) AND ("electrostatic interaction" OR surface free energy) AND (biofilm OR "bacteria adhesion"), and resulted in 462 articles, of which 7 were included. The antimicrobials polypara-xylylene, carboxybetaine methacrylate, ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate, and deposition of F and Ag ions in PMMA influenced the SFE and wettability. Denture cleaners reduced microbial adhesion. Five of the included studies evaluated the microbial adhesion, however, only two observed a direct relationship between SFE, wettability, and microbial adhesion. It was concluded that the intervention with antimicrobial and cleaning agents in PMMA can interfere in SFE and surface wettability, but no correlation was observed between microbial adhesion and these surface characteristics in PMMA.

Unusual magnetic resonance imaging findings of cystic bone lesions in congenital generalized lipodystrophy.

Cystic bone lesions are the hallmark of skeletal abnormalities in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL). However, their pathophysiology is still unclear and theories about their origin remain largely speculative. This article reports on a patient with CGL and cystic bone lesions, some of them with unusual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that include elevated signal intensity on T1-weighted images and fluid-fluid levels, the latter evolving to a more "classic" cystic appearance on follow-up. Even though similar findings were first described almost 30 years ago, little attention was given to them back then; furthermore, other than the present report, no other study has performed sequential exams to follow their evolution in serial MRI. The authors conduct a review of the literature, hypothesizing that these remarkable findings may reflect an intermediate stage in the process of cystification of the abnormal bone marrow, incapable to perform adipose conversion, lending factual support to the modern theories about this issue.

Endoparasite community structure of an anuran assemblage in the Caatinga, Northeastern Neotropical Region.

Amphibians are a widespread Chordata taxon and are important for maintaining the balance of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Brazil has a rich amphibian fauna; however, little is known about the role of their ecology and phylogenetic relationships during the assembly processes of associated endoparasite communities. Herein, we describe an endoparasite community in an anuran assemblage in the Caatinga, a unique biome of dry forests in north-eastern Brazil. We studied endoparasite diversity, as well as the effects of body length, body mass, body volume and sex on parasite abundance. We also investigated the influence of ecological and historical factors and anuran microhabitat use on endoparasite composition. We analysed individuals from 13 anuran species distributed across five families: Odontophrynidae (Proceratophrys cristiceps); Leptodactylidae (Leptodactylus fuscus, Leptodactylus vastus, Leptodactylus macrosternum, Leptodactylus troglodytes and Physalaemus cuvieri); Hylidae (Pithecopus gonzagai, Scinax x-signatus, Boana raniceps and Dendropsophus nanus); Bufonidae (Rhinella diptycha and Rhinella granulosa); and Microhylidae (Dermatonotus muelleri). We found nine species of endoparasites, including seven nematodes (Aplectana membranosa, Cosmocerca sp., Oswaldocruzia mazzai, Raillietnema spectans, Rhabdias fuelleborni, Schrankiana sp. and Physaloptera sp.), one species of Trematoda (Glypthelmins pseudium) and one non-identified cestode. There was no significant relationship between endoparasite abundance and host body length, body mass, body volume and sex. A phylogenetic principal component analysis showed that ecological factors had a greater influence on endoparasite assemblage than historical factors. Similarly, our results showed that ecological factors had a greater influence on anuran microhabitat use compared to historical factors, which contributed to the generalist characteristics presented by most of the sampled endoparasite species.

RF generation using a compact bench gyromagnetic line.

The search for new technologies aiming to reach radiofrequency (RF) generation in different manners for diverse ends is a constant demand for several applications. The goal is to develop cost-effective and simpler systems compared to those that already exist. Our motivation is to reach an alternative way of generating RF in pulsed transmission systems employing a gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line (GNLTL). The GNLTL consists of a ferrite-loaded-coaxial transmission line and can produce a large frequency spectrum with RF conversion efficiency above 10% from about 200 MHz up to the frequency of 2-4 GHz (S-band) for potential space-based applications. In a GNLTL, the signal amplitude is related to its propagation velocity since the peak voltage travels faster than its portion of lower amplitudes since the ferrite permeability decreases with the current amplitude. As the pulse crest travels faster than its valley, a time reduction happens in the output rise time, called pulse sharpening. Besides, the magnetic moments of ferrite dipoles initially aligned with the axial magnetic bias are displaced from their original position by the azimuthal field generated around the inner conductor by the current pulse, resulting in a damped precession movement. This movement happens along the line length as the current pulse propagates, inducing high-frequency oscillations. In short, the paper's goal is to present the experimental results using a 60-cm gyromagnetic line to provide RF in the GHz range using a solenoid for magnetic bias on a testing bench. Finally, the paper discusses the influence of the azimuthal and the axial magnetic fields on the output signal with the ferrite rings operating in a saturation state during the current pulse propagation.

UVA/persulfate-driven nonylphenol polyethoxylate degradation: effect of process conditions.

UV/persulfate (UV/PS) technologies have gained increased attention as efficient alternatives for removing pollutants from different classes, although processes based on the UVA-driven S2O82- (PS) activation have not yet been discussed in the literature for the removal of the nonionic surfactant nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPEO). The present study investigated the simultaneous effect of the initial persulfate concentration ([PS]0) and specific photon emission rate (EP,0) on NPEO degradation by UVA/PS following a Doehlert experimental design. The results for [NPEO]0 = (4.65 ± 0.15) mg L-1 indicated more than 97.8% NPEO removal after 2 h, with pseudo first-order specific degradation rate (kobs) of 0.0320 min-1, for [PS]0 = 7.75 mmol L-1 and EP,0 = 0.437 µmol photons L-1 s-1. Under these conditions, NPEO half-life time was about 22 min, and the EC50-48 h (% v/v) values for Daphnia similis before and after treatment did not differ significantly. Higher values of EP,0 would influence NPEO removal for [PS]0 not higher than 8-10 mmol L-1, although lower degradation efficiencies were obtained with higher [NPEO]0 or real wastewater, except for longer reaction times. Additionally, UVA/PS showed to be efficient for tensoactivity removal, despite the negligible total organic carbon (TOC) removal achieved. Finally, UVC and UVA resulted in NPEO degradation higher than 96% and similar tensoactivity removals when UVA/PS was conducted under optimal conditions ([PS]0 = 10 mmol L-1; EP,0 = 0.324 µmol photons L-1 s-1), suggesting that UVA radiation available in solar light could be advantageously employed for NPEO removal at concentrations usually found in wastewater.

[Assessment of general practitioners' knowledge of inhalers]. / Évaluation des connaissances des médecins généralistes sur les inhalateurs. Les médecins généralistes savent-ils utiliser les inhalateurs qu'ils prescrivent dans le traitement de l'asthme ?

INTRODUCTION: Inhaled drug delivery is the cornerstone treatment for asthma. General practitioners (GPs) have a key role for educating patient about how to use their inhalers. The purpose of this study was to find out whether GPs know how to use the inhalers they usually prescribe. METHOD: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study among GPs from the Paris metropolitan area. GPs had to choose the inhalers they usually prescribe and then demonstrate their use. The technique of use was assessed using a scale specific to each type of inhaler. Overall success was defined by the use of prescribed inhalers without critical errors. RESULTS: Thirty-seven GPs were recruited between July 2018 and July 2019. Nineteen GPs (51.4%) were able to use the inhalers they prescribed without critical errors. The success rate without critical error was better with the pressurized metered dose inhalers with spacer than with other inhalers. The overall success rate was better among GPs who had previously used an inhaler on a personal basis (OR 7.58 95%CI [1.86, 37.02]) or who had prescribed only one type of inhaler (OR 4,8 95%CI [1.21, 22.41]). CONCLUSION: Half of the GPs in our study did not know how to use the inhalers they prescribe and therefore may have difficulty educating their patients.

Intravaginal progesterone device (1. 9g) and estradiol benzoate for follicular control in the mare during spring and summer / [Implante intravaginal de progesterona (1, 9g) e benzoato de estradiol no controle folicular de éguas durante a primavera e o verão]

The objective of this study was to evaluate follicular growth and ovulatory rates in mares treated with an intravaginal progesterone device (P4) during the 10-day period, associated with the use of estradiol benzoate (EB). The results were compared during the transition period (ET) in the spring and the breeding season in the summer (ER). The variables were submitted to ANOVA (Tukey's test), considering P<0.05. No ovulation occurred during the permanence of the P4 implant in both experimental periods. The ovulatory rate in the ER was 100% (n = 8) and in the ET 62.5% (n = 5; P = 0.0547). Significant differences were observed (<0.001), in both periods, comparing follicular growth rates during the permanence of P4 device (ER: 1.33 ± 0.89mm/d; ET: 1.00 ± 0.81mm/d) to the period without P4 (ER: 3.63 ± 1.33 mm/d; ET: 3.31 ± 1.66 mm/d). The present study demonstrated applicability and efficiency of a hormonal protocol using P4 intravaginal device and EB for follicular control in mares, both during ET and ER.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa de crescimento folicular e a taxa ovulatória em éguas tratadas com dispositivo intravaginal de progesterona (P4) durante o período de 10 dias, associado à utilização de benzoato de estradiol (BE). Os resultados foram comparados durante o período de transição (ET) da primavera com a época de reprodução no verão (ER). As variáveis foram submetidas à ANOVA (teste de Tukey), considerando-se P<0,05. Nenhuma ovulação ocorreu durante a permanência do dispositivo de P4 em ambos os períodos experimentais. A taxa ovulatória na ER foi de 100% (n = 8) e na ET, de 62,5% (n=5; P=0,0547). Diferença significativas (<0,001) foram observadas, em ambos os períodos experimentais, comparando as taxas de crescimento folicular durante a permanência da P4 (ER: 1,33 ± 0,89mm/d; ET: 1,00 ± 0,81mm/d) com o período sem P4 (ER: 3,63 ± 1,33mm/d; ET: 3,31 ± 1,66mm/d). O presente estudo demonstrou aplicabilidade e eficiência do protocolo hormonal utilizando dispositivo intravaginal de P4 e BE para controle folicular de éguas, tanto na ET quanto na ER.