ABSTRACT
The central nervous system (CNS) is vulnerable to pathologic processes that lead to the development of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, Multiple sclerosis or Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These are chronic and progressive pathologies characterized by the loss of neurons and the formation of misfolded proteins. Additionally, neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by a structural and functional dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Although serving as a protection for the CNS, the existence of physiological barriers, especially the BBB, limits the access of several therapeutic agents to the brain, constituting a major hindrance in neurotherapeutics advancement. In this regard, nanotechnology-based approaches have arisen as a promising strategy to not only improve drug targeting to the brain, but also to increase bioavailability. Lipid nanocarriers such as liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), microemulsions and nanoemulsions, have already proven their potential for enhancing brain transport, crossing more easily into the CNS and allowing the administration of medicines that could benefit the treatment of neurological pathologies. Given the socioeconomic impact of such conditions and the advent of nanotechnology that inevitably leads to more effective and superior therapeutics for their management, it is imperative to constantly update on the current knowledge of these topics. Herein, we provide insight on the BBB and the pathophysiology of the main neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, this review seeks to highlight the several approaches that can be used to improve the delivery of therapeutic agents to the CNS, while also offering an extensive overview of the latest efforts regarding the use of lipid-based nanocarriers in the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
Subject(s)
Drug Delivery Systems , Nanoparticles , Neurodegenerative Diseases/drug therapy , Animals , Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism , Brain/metabolism , Brain/physiopathology , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Humans , Lipids/chemistry , Nanotechnology , Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Glass samples were tested for use in high-dose dosimetry in radiation processing. The main dosimetric characteristics were determined: lower detection threshold, reproducibility, response to gamma radiation of 60Co and thermal decay at room temperature, with the use of a densitometer, spectrophotometer and thermoluminescence reader. The results show that this kind of material could be useful for dosimetry in several applications of ionising radiation, taking into account its thermal fading.
Subject(s)
Cobalt Radioisotopes , Glass , Radiometry/instrumentation , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/methods , Calibration , Radiometry/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Spectrophotometry , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry/instrumentationSubject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases , Gastrointestinal NeoplasmsABSTRACT
O uso de associacao gentamicina-cefalosporina em paciente portadora de carcinoma epidermoide de colo uterino, estadio IV e tratada pela cis-diaminodicloroplatina, foi complicado por uma insuficiencia renal aguda. A dose de gentamicina foi de 5 mg/kg/dia, via muscular e de cefalosporina de 70 mg/kg/dia, via venosa.A dose do cis-diaminodicloroplatina foi de 80 mg/m2, sendo utilizadas duas doses com intervalo de 21 dias. Apos 15 dias do inicio da aplicacao da gentamicina-cefalosporina, a paciente desenvolveu insuficiencia renal aguda, que precedeu o obito
