ABSTRACT
Workers exposed to fuels and paints may present alterations in several parameters. Thus, we assessed potential biomarkers, with the aim of detecting early changes in gasoline station attendants and painters. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of inflammatory and DNA damage markers, besides biochemical, haematological and oxidative stress parameters. Biochemical and haematological parameters, which are assessed with routine exams, showed few changes. However, these findings could mask the workers' real health status. Besides, markers of oxidative damage were not modified. Levels of inflammatory parameters (cytokines and nitric oxide levels) and the DNA damage marker 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were significantly changed in the workers. Our results suggest that inflammatory and DNA damage parameters can be potential biomarkers for the biological monitoring of workers exposed to fuels and paints and may contribute to the development of occupational protection standards.
Subject(s)
DNA Damage , Fuel Oils/adverse effects , Inflammation/etiology , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Paint/adverse effects , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Humans , Inflammation/blood , Male , Oxidative Stress , WorkplaceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Scutia buxifolia (Rhamnaceae) has been extensively studied for its phenolics groups, which are able to capture free radicals; being therefore, considered promising as an antioxidant in preventing diseases resulting from oxidative stress. HYPOTHESIS: Scutia buxifolia extract (SBE) presents antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect in mice. STUDY DESIGN: SBE (400-800mg/kg) was tested in different pain models to investigate its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory action. METHODS: It was carried out the abdominal writhing test, capsaicin test, thermal hyperalgesia and incisional pain. The inflamed tissue by carrageenan was used for the analysis of interleukins (IL), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), c-reactive protein (CRP), nitrite and nitrate (NOx) determination and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Furthermore, we evaluate the possible action mechanism of SBE using naloxone in capsaicin test. RESULTS: SBE prevented the nociception caused by acetic acid, formalin and capsaicin test. However, neither the SBE prevented the thermal hyperalgesia in hot-plate test, nor the naloxone reversed the SBE antinociceptive effect in capsaicin test. Furthermore, the administration of SBE prevented significantly the increase of MPO activity, the NOx content, and the levels of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ and CRP and was able to increase the IL-10 levels after the inflammation induced by carrageenan in mice. In addition, SBE prevented mechanical hyperalgesia in a postoperative pain model. CONCLUSION: The SBE presents great antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity in mice but this effect not seem to have its action mechanism like opioids. It is possible that its antinociceptive effects are associated with levels decrease of inflammatory mediators.
