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1.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(14)2023 Jul 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37510433

ABSTRACT

Medical students are a population that is vulnerable to the development of anxiety, depression, and burnout. This observational cross-sectional study sought to assess the levels of distress and identify precipitating factors in all students enrolled in a Portuguese medical school during the academic year of 2022/23. Students (n = 768) were surveyed via validated instruments to measure anxiety, depression, and burnout. Sociodemographic information was also collected through a questionnaire. The study indicated that almost half of this population had depressive symptoms. No differences were found in distress levels between medical schools, and when comparing curricular years, higher levels of distress were found in the pre-clinical years in comparison to the clinical ones. Burnout, being a woman, the existence of physical health problems, homo- and bisexual orientations, affective family problems, problems with relationships in the academic community, difficulties in academic performance, and daily organization were identified as predictors of distress. On the other hand, satisfaction with the social support received and with academic ratings were identified as protective factors. In conclusion, there is a high prevalence of distress in medical students, which is associated with personal, physical, social, economic, and academic factors. The identification of predictive factors of distress may allow for the early identification of vulnerable students and for intervention and prevention strategies to be defined.

2.
Saúde debate ; 46(133): 432-446, jan.-abr. 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390373

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O artigo visou analisar o uso do aplicativo móvel, em especial, o WhatsApp, como ferramenta de gestão das ações de educação na saúde com ênfase na Educação Permanente em Saúde no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Estudo exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, com uso de questionário on-line. Os participantes foram os gestores/responsáveis pelas ações de educação permanente. Os dados quantitativos foram tratados estatisticamente. Predominou o sexo feminino, a idade variou de 34 a 68 anos. O vínculo dominante foi o Estatutário Efetivo Municipal. Sobre o cargo/função ser exclusivamente relacionado com as atividades de educação permanente, mostrou não haver exclusividade das funções. O aplicativo é pouco utilizado nas atividades de planejamento, acompanhamento, monitoramento e avaliação. Foi apontado como uma ferramenta para receber/enviar mensagens, manter conversas em grupo e compartilhar documentos. As atividades mediatizadas pelo WhatsApp referem o uso para divulgação/inscrição em eventos, canal de comunicação e interação entre atores, planejamento/divulgação da participação em reuniões técnicas. Foram apontadas dificuldades na utilização do aplicativo relativas ao excesso de mensagens, que exigem disponibilidade de tempo para respondê-las. Há necessidade de novos estudos para o aprofundamento dos limites e possibilidades do uso do aplicativo na gestão dessas ações. Como limitações, aponta-se o estudo ter sido locorregional.


ABSTRACT The article aimed to analyze WhatsApp as a management tool for health education actions in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Exploratory study, with a quantitative approach, using an online questionnaire. The participants were the managers/responsible for Continuing Education actions. Quantitative data were treated statistically. Females predominated, age ranged between 34 and 68 years. The dominant link was the Municipal Effective Statutory. About the position/function being exclusively related to Continuing Education activities, it showed that there is no exclusivity of functions. The application is little used in planning, monitoring, follow-up, and evaluation activities. It was touted as a tool to receive/send messages, maintain group conversations, and share documents. The activities mediated by WhatsApp refer to the use for dissemination/ registration in events, communication, and interaction channel between actors, planning/dissemination of participation in technical meetings. Difficulties in using the application related to the excess of messages were pointed out, which require availability of time to respond to them. There is a need for further studies to deepen the limits and possibilities of using the application in the management of these actions. As limitations, it is pointed out that the study was locoregional.

3.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 264: 829-833, 2019 Aug 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31438040

ABSTRACT

This document describes the development of a Business Intelligence (BI) dashboard for tracking the drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts implemented as Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) in Electronic Health Records (EHR). CDSS are known for their potential to reduce medical error. The use of requirements in the development of BI dashboards is crucial to obtain successful software. In this work, the requirements were analysed using a score methodology, considering the relevance of the indicators and visualization methods. CDSS effectiveness and acceptance have been questioned, so it is fundamental to monitor their behaviour and performance. The dashboard was designed in order to satisfy the needed indicators. Using BI as a tool for monitoring the CDSS performance made it possible to operationalize the EHR content repository, maximizing the understanding in relation to the override and, by inference, to optimize the CDSS system by opening new lines of work.


Subject(s)
Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Drug Interactions , Electronic Health Records , Intelligence , Software
4.
Public Health Nutr ; 21(10): 1819-1826, 2018 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29540251

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively investigate the association between short stature and increased sitting height ratio (SHR) - indicators of stunting - and obesity markers in adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional evaluation of the EPIPorto cohort. Weight, height, sitting height and waist circumference were measured. Obesity was assessed for men and women through BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Short stature (women, <152 cm; men, <164 cm) and high SHR (women, ≥54·05 %; men, ≥53·25 %) were taken as stunting measures. OR with 95 % CI were computed using logistic regression models. SETTING: Representative sample of adults from EPIPorto, an adult cohort study from Porto, Portugal. SUBJECTS: A sample of 1682 adults, aged 18-86 years, was analysed. RESULTS: Higher obesity prevalence was found among women (BMI≥30·0 kg/m2: 25·5 v. 13·3 %, P<0·001) and a higher proportion of men presented abdominal obesity (WHtR≥0·5: 80·1 v. 71·1 %, P<0·001). A positive association was found between short stature and obesity measures for women (multivariate-adjusted OR; 95 % CI: 1·75; 1·17, 2·62 for BMI≥30·0 kg/m2; 1·89; 1·24, 2·87 for WHtR≥0·5). Increased SHR was associated with higher likelihood of having BMI≥30·0 kg/m2 in both sexes (multivariate-adjusted OR; 95 % CI: 2·10; 1·40, 3·16 for women; 1·92; 1·07, 3·43 for men) but not with WHtR≥0·5. CONCLUSIONS: Different growth markers are associated with obesity in adults. However, this association depends on the population and anthropometric measures used: short stature is associated with a higher risk of presenting excessive weight in women but not in men; SHR is more sensitive to detect this effect in both sexes.


Subject(s)
Body Height/physiology , Growth Disorders/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Growth Disorders/complications , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/complications , Portugal/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Young Adult
5.
Stud Health Technol Inform ; 245: 1384, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29295463

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to describe the implementation and evaluation of an outsourced Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) service of drug-drug interaction (DDI) alerts in an Uruguayan outpatient healthcare network. A cross-sectional study was developed. 1.5 alerts were triggered of every 1000 prescriptions. Clinicians accepted 44% of the total alerts. In conclusion, the implementation of CDSS was achievable.


Subject(s)
Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Drug Interactions , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Outsourced Services , Prescriptions
6.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem ; 17(8): 1144-1152, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27924732

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lactam cyclized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogues exhibit high stability and affinity for the MC1-R receptors over expressed in melanoma cells. Recently, we reported a novel 99mTc-HYNIC-cycMSH4-13 analogue with the HYNIC chelator directly attached to the lactam cyclized ring. OBJECTIVE: In this study we proposed the introduction of a 6-aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) linker between the HYNIC chelator and lactam cyclized peptide cycMSH4-13 to reduce steric hindrance and improve the melanoma targeting and imaging proprieties of the radiolabeled peptide. METHOD: HYNIC-Ahx-cycMSH4-13 peptide was synthesized on an automated peptide synthesizer and displayed an IC50 of 0.3 nM using B16/F1 cells. The 99mTc/tricine radiolabeled peptide was examined for radiochemical purity, stability and cell binding. In vivo, biodistribution and planar gamma imaging studies were performed in B16/F1 melanoma tumor bearing C57BK mice. RESULTS: 99mTc-HYNIC-Ahx-cycMSH4-13 was obtained with a radiochemical purity > 95%, was stable up to 24 h at room temperature and exhibited high binding and rapid internalization in B16/F1 cells. In vivo biodistribution studies showed a tumor uptake of 4.92 ± 0.92 % ID/g and 2.78 ± 1.48 % ID/g at 2 h and 4 h post injection, respectively. Whole-body clearance was rapid through urinary excretion. The melanoma tumors were clearly visualized by planar gamma imaging. CONCLUSION: 99mTc-HYNIC-Ahx-cycMSH4-13 was shown radiochemically stability and exhibited rapid and selective uptake in melanoma cells and tumors. Imaging studies yielded promising preclinical results, warranting further evaluation of 99mTc-HYNIC-cycMSH analogs as melanoma specific imaging agents.


Subject(s)
Caproates/pharmacokinetics , Neoplasms, Experimental/diagnosis , Organotechnetium Compounds/pharmacokinetics , Peptide Fragments/pharmacokinetics , alpha-MSH/pharmacokinetics , Animals , Caproates/chemistry , Mice , Molecular Structure , Organotechnetium Compounds/chemistry , Peptide Fragments/chemistry , Tissue Distribution , Tumor Cells, Cultured , alpha-MSH/chemistry
7.
Rev. psiquiatr. Urug ; 79(1): 39-48, jul. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-836523

ABSTRACT

El presente es un estudio de consumo de antidepresivos (ad) en el Hospital Policial de tercer nivel de atención. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar el consumo de ad en el período enero 2010-diciembre 2014. Se trata de un estudio observacional y retrospectivo del consumo de ad. Se utilizó el método dosis diaria definida (ddd) por 1000 habitantes por día (dhd). El estudio incluyó los consumos de ad de pacientes ambulatorios en el período enero 2010-diciembre 2014. De los resultados se destaca que el valor total de dhd presentó un aumento del 8 %. Los ad más consumidos en el período estudiado fueron sertralina y fluoxetina. Se observó un incremento lineal significativo en el consumo de venlafaxina, citalopram, escitalopram y fluvoxamina. El consumo de aden la población pediátrica disminuyó un 66 %. La medición del consumo de ad para el período enero 2010-diciembre 2014 proporciona un diagnóstico inicial de situación en el Hospital Policial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antidepressive Agents , Depression/drug therapy , Fluoxetine/therapeutic use , Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data , Sertraline/therapeutic use , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Uruguay
8.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2015. 164 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, RHS Repository | ID: biblio-878546

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Trata-se de um estudo sobre o processo de trabalho dos citotécnicos que atuam em laboratórios de Anatomopatologia e Citopatologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. OBJETIVOS: objetivo geral é: analisar a percepção dos citotécnicos sobre as competências necessárias à execução de sua atividade laboral; e específicos: (1) descrever a atividade laboral do citotécnico; (2) identificar o modo de produção da atividade por meio das inter-relações de trabalho; (3) conhecer e compreender as implicações do trabalho do citotécnico nas ações de controle do câncer. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A investigação foi de abordagem qualitativa, de natureza descritiva e social, realizada em três laboratórios de Anatomopatologia e Citopatologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com a participação de 33 citotécnicos. Os dados foram obtidos pela técnica de entrevista semiestruturada, aplicação de questionário, e grupo focal, no período de janeiro a agosto de 2014, e analisados com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, tendo como unidade de registro o tema. RESULTADOS: Os resultados revelaram: dos 33 citotécnicos, 73% são do sexo feminino; 34% estão distribuídos em igual percentual para as faixas etárias entre 41 a 50 anos e 51 a 60 anos. Com relação à variável do grau de escolaridade, 43% possuem especialização e 24% concluíram o curso superior. Em relação ao cargo exercido, 73% atuam como citotécnicos e 70% são funcionários públicos. O trabalho do citotécnico tem especificidade única desse trabalhador de nível técnico, que é a realização da primeira análise do exame citopatológico, com ações articuladas e complementares de natureza técnica, de gestão, e educativas vinculadas à equipe, com ênfase nos princípios de prevenção e promoção da saúde. Por meio da escala de avaliação do contexto de trabalho, foram avaliadas as condições físicas, materiais e organizacionais do processo de trabalho. O quesito clareza, na definição das tarefas, foi o maior valorado com 4,7% de média, seguido das relações socioprofissionais com média de 4,0%. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo revelaram: na trajetória da atividade laboral, emergiram quatro categorias associadas à motivação e ao ingresso na ocupação por pessoas de referência na formação, acesso ao mercado de trabalho, busca pelo aperfeiçoamento profissional e aprendizagem prática no trabalho; no conceito de modo de produção, emergiram cinco categorias: responsabilidade de salvar vidas, crítica em relação ao próprio trabalho com qualidade, características físicas, atividades distintas do citotécnico e do histotécnico, visão do trabalho com otimismo; nas condições de trabalho, emergiram quatro categorias: trabalho em equipe e responsabilidade individual, ambiguidade em relação à autonomia, precarização do trabalho, esperança no reconhecimento da profissão. CONCLUSÃO: O trabalho do citotécnico é uma ocupação fracamente regulamentada, que se caracteriza por ausência de perfil profissional específico compatível com o escopo de prática real observada no trabalho levando a condições de trabalho precário. O reconhecimento ocorre entre os próprios trabalhadores que se valorizam por serem responsáveis pela promoção da saúde tornando seu trabalho socialmente útil.


INTRODUCTION: This study examines the work processes of cytotechnicians employed in Anatomic Pathology and Cytopathology laboratories in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. OBJECTIVES: general purpose is: to analyze perceptions among cytotechnicians of the skills needed to perform their jobs; and more specifically: (1) to describe the work activities of cytotechnicians; (2) to identify activity production modes through workplace relationships; and (3) to explore and understand the implications of the work of cytotechnicians on cancer control actions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Conducted at three Anatomic Pathology and Cytopathology laboratories in Rio de Janeiro State, this qualitative, descriptive and social research project involved 33 cytotechnicians. Obtained between January and August 2014 through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and focus groups, the data were subsequently analyzed through the Bardin Content Analysis technique, with the theme constituting the record unit. RESULTS: The findings showed that 73% of these 33 cytotechnicians were women and 34% were split equally between two age brackets: 41  50 years old and 51  60 years old. For the education variable, 43% held specialty qualifications and 24% were university graduates. In terms of their positions, 73% worked as cytotechnicians while 70% were civil servants. The work of the cytotechnician has a specific characteristic that is unique to these technical level employees: they handle the initial analyses of cytopathologic tests through tight-knit team-based complementary actions involving technical, administrative and educational aspects, grounded on health promotion and disease prevention principles. The physical, material and organizational conditions of their work processes were assessed on a work-place rating scale. The issue of task definition clarity ranked highest with a 4.7% mean score, followed by social and professional relationships at a 4.0% mean score. The Content Analysis findings showed that four categories appeared for their work-place activities, associated with: motivation and career choices steered by persons of influence while studying; access to the job market; quest for professional enhancement; and on-the-job training using a hands-on approach. CONCLUSION: The production mode concept gave rise to five categories: responsibility for saving lives; criticism of their own work and quality; physical characteristics; activities specific to cytotechnicians and histotechnicians; and positive views of their jobs. Their working conditions resulted in four categories: teamwork and individual responsibilities; ambiguity about autonomy; weak job security; and hope for better professional acknowledgment. The work of cytotechnicians is covered by lax labor regulations, undermining the presence of a specific professional profile compatible with the scope of their actual job routines as observed and resulting in poor working conditions. They affirm they see themselves as buttressing health promotion, appreciatively aware that their work is useful to society.


Subject(s)
Humans , Medical Laboratory Personnel/organization & administration , Credentialing/statistics & numerical data , Health Workforce/statistics & numerical data , Colonic Neoplasms/chemistry
9.
In. Associazione Latino per l'Analisi dei Sistemi Sanitari. Atti XXVI Congresso dell'Associazione Aatino per l'Analisi dei Sistemi Sanitari. Ancona, Associazione Latino per l'Analisi dei Sistemi Sanitari, 2015. , ilus.
Non-conventional in English | LILACS, RHS Repository | ID: biblio-878714

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analizar la percepción de citotecnólogos sobre las habilidades necesarias para llevar a cabo sus actividades de trabajo. MÉTODO: Tipo de estudio: Estudio de caso con enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo y carácter social. Período de recopilación de datos : Entre enero y agosto de 2014. Población de estudio: 33 citotecnólogos distribuye en 3 laboratorios de citopatología y Anatomía Patológica del Estado de Río de Janeiro. RESULTADOS: Distribución de los encuestados según edad, sexo, nivel de educación y tiempo de trabajo y situación laboral. Estado de Río de Janeiro, 2014. CONCLUSÃO: El trabajo del citotecnólogo es una ocupación mal regulada, caracterizada por la falta de perfil de formación específica compatible con el alcance real de la práctica observada en este estudio. El reconocimiento se produce entre los trabajadores que se valoran por ser responsables de la promoción de la salud haciendo su trabajo socialmente útil. La falta de regulación y reglamentación profesional no califica el citotecnólogo para el alcance de la práctica, y está sólo responsable del perfil de entrenamiento. Como resultado, no hay institucionalización del trabajo; es decir, el plan de cargos y salarios, así como condiciones de trabajo adecuadas, Los citotecnólogos con desviaciones de función realizan tareas distintas a las requeridas para la posición; también son graduados en biología y farmacia y ejercen función técnica. La reciente ocupación citotecnólogo inclusión en la CBO no incluyó a actividades relacionadas con las técnicas histológicas. El proceso de profesionalización consiste, según Freidson, en un conjunto de actitudes éticas y responsabilidades individuales. Sin embargo, en la práctica no está habilitado para ejercerlo por la ausencia de regulación de la profesión. Se pregunta por la falta de institucionalización del proceso de análisis citológico, en la medida que algunos de esos trabajadores hacen el análisis fuera de la institución, sin control de calidad, normas recomendadas por el Ministerio de la Salud y de el propio trabajador en resolver todas las cuestiones con otros profesionales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pathology , Laboratory Personnel/supply & distribution , Health Workforce , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
10.
In. Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva. Anais do 11º Congresso Brasileiro de Saúde Coletiva. Goiânia, ABRASCO, 2015. , ilus.
Non-conventional in Portuguese | LILACS, RHS Repository | ID: biblio-878725

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Geral: Analisar a percepção dos citotécnicos sobre as competências necessárias à execução de sua atividade laboral.eSpecíficos: Descrever a atividade laboral do citotécnico; Identificar o modo de produção da atividade por meio das inter-relações de trabalho; Conhecer e compreender as implicações do trabalho do citotécnico nas ações de controle do câncer. Tipo do estudo: Estudo de caso, de abordagem qualitativa, de natureza descritiva e social. Período de coleta de dados: Realizado entre janeiro a agosto de 2014. População estudada: 33 citotécnicos distribuídos em 3 laboratórios de Citopatologia e Anatomopatologia do Estado do Rio de Janeiro público/federal ­ 27 privado/filantrópico ­ 2 público/municipal ­ 4. CONCLUSÃO: O trabalho do citotécnico é uma ocupação fracamente regulamentada, que se caracteriza por ausência de perfil de formação profissional específico compatível com o escopo de prática real observada no presente estudo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pathology , Clinical Laboratory Services/organization & administration , Pathologists/organization & administration
11.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2015. 162 f p. fig, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-980620

ABSTRACT

Trata-se de um estudo sobre o processo de trabalho dos citotécnicos que atuam em laboratórios de Anatomopatologia e Citopatologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, cujo objetivo geral é: analisar a percepção dos citotécnicos sobre as competências necessárias à execução de sua atividade laboral; e específicos: (1) descrever a atividade laboral do citotécnico; (2) identificar o modo de produção da atividade por meio das inter-relações de trabalho; (3) conhecer e compreender as implicações do trabalho do citotécnico nas ações de controle do câncer. A investigação foi de abordagem qualitativa, de natureza descritiva e social, realizada em três laboratórios de Anatomopatologia e Citopatologia no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com a participação de 33 citotécnicos. Os dados foram obtidos pela técnica de entrevista semiestruturada, aplicação de questionário, e grupo focal, no período de janeiro a agosto de 2014, e analisados com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, tendo como unidade de registro o "tema". Os resultados revelaram: dos 33 citotécnicos, 73% são do sexo feminino; 34% estão distribuídos em igual percentual para as faixas etárias entre 41 a 50 anos e 51 a 60 anos. Com relação à variável do grau de escolaridade, 43% possuem especialização e 24% concluíram o curso superior. Em relação ao cargo exercido, 73% atuam como citotécnicos e 70% são funcionários públicos. O trabalho do citotécnico tem especificidade única desse trabalhador de nível técnico, que é a realização da primeira análise do exame citopatológico, com ações articuladas e complementares de natureza técnica, de gestão, e educativas vinculadas à equipe, com ênfase nos princípios de prevenção e promoção da saúde. Por meio da escala de avaliação do contexto de trabalho, foram avaliadas as condições físicas, materiais e organizacionais do processo de trabalho. O quesito clareza, na definição das tarefas, foi o maior valorado com 4,7% de média, seguido das relações socioprofissionais com média de 4,0%. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo revelaram: na trajetória da atividade laboral, emergiram quatro categorias associadas à motivação e ao ingresso na ocupação por pessoas de referência na formação, acesso ao mercado de trabalho, busca pelo aperfeiçoamento profissional e aprendizagem prática no trabalho; no conceito de modo de produção, emergiram cinco categorias: responsabilidade de "salvar vidas", crítica em relação ao próprio trabalho com qualidade, características físicas, atividades distintas do citotécnico e do histotécnico, visão do trabalho com otimismo; nas condições de trabalho, emergiram quatro categorias: trabalho em equipe e responsabilidade individual, ambiguidade em relação à autonomia, precarização do trabalho, esperança no reconhecimento da profissão. O trabalho do citotécnico é uma ocupação fracamente regulamentada, que se caracteriza por ausência de perfil profissional específico compatível com o escopo de prática real observada no trabalho levando a condições de trabalho precário. O reconhecimento ocorre entre os próprios trabalhadores que se valorizam por serem responsáveis pela promoção da saúde tornando seu trabalho socialmente útil


This study examines the work processes of cytotechnicians employed in Anatomic Pathology and Cytopathology laboratories in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, whose general purpose is: to analyze perceptions among cytotechnicians of the skills needed to perform their jobs; and more specifically: (1) to describe the work activities of cytotechnicians; (2) to identify activity production modes through workplace relationships; and (3) to explore and understand the implications of the work of cytotechnicians on cancer control actions. Conducted at three Anatomic Pathology and Cytopathology laboratories in Rio de Janeiro State, this qualitative, descriptive and social research project involved 33 cytotechnicians. Obtained between January and August 2014 through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and focus groups, the data were subsequently analyzed through the Bardin Content Analysis technique, with the theme constituting the record unit. The findings showed that 73% of these 33 cytotechnicians were women and 34% were split equally between two age brackets: 41  50 years old and 51  60 years old. For the education variable, 43% held specialty qualifications and 24% were university graduates. In terms of their positions, 73% worked as cytotechnicians while 70% were civil servants. The work of the cytotechnician has a specific characteristic that is unique to these technical level employees: they handle the initial analyses of cytopathologic tests through tight-knit team-based complementary actions involving technical, administrative and educational aspects, grounded on health promotion and disease prevention principles. The physical, material and organizational conditions of their work processes were assessed on a work-place rating scale. The issue of task definition clarity ranked highest with a 4.7% mean score, followed by social and professional relationships at a 4.0% mean score. The Content Analysis findings showed that four categories appeared for their work-place activities, associated with: motivation and career choices steered by persons of influence while studying; access to the job market; quest for professional enhancement; and on-the-job training using a hands-on approach. The production mode concept gave rise to five categories: responsibility for saving lives; criticism of their own work and quality; physical characteristics; activities specific to cytotechnicians and histotechnicians; and positive views of their jobs. Their working conditions resulted in four categories: teamwork and individual responsibilities; ambiguity about autonomy; weak job security; and hope for better professional acknowledgment. The work of cytotechnicians is covered by lax labor regulations, undermining the presence of a specific professional profile compatible with the scope of their actual job routines as observed and resulting in poor working conditions. They affirm they see themselves as buttressing health promotion, appreciatively aware that their work is useful to society


Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Practice/trends , Working Conditions , Brazil , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Qualitative Research , Laboratory Personnel , Pathologists , Health Workforce/trends
12.
Curr Radiopharm ; 7(1): 63-74, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25022516

ABSTRACT

The melanoma targeting peptides (Ala-triazol)Ac-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH and N4-CO-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH were radiolabeled with [(99m)Tc(CO)3](+) and [(99m)TcO2](+), respectively, and examined for in vitro cell binding, in vivo biodistribution and imaging properties. The (Ala-triazol)Ac-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH and N4-CO-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH were synthesized as protected peptides on resin followed by rhenium cyclization with [(C6H5)3P]2ReOCl3 in DMF. The peptides were labeled with (99m)Tc and examined for radiochemical stability and melanoma cell binding. In vivo biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies were performed in B16/F1 melanoma tumor bearing C57 mice. (99m)Tc(CO)3-(Ala-Triazol)Ac- Re(Arg(11))CCMSH and (99m)TcO2-N4-CO-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH were stable and internalized in B16/F1 melanoma cells upon binding. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed that tumor uptake of (99m)Tc(CO)3-(Ala-Triazol)Ac-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH was 6.08±1.06% ID/g and 7.05±1.48% ID/g at 2 h and 4 h post injection, respectively. Tumor uptake of (99m)TcO2-N4-CORe(Arg(11))CCMSH was 7.54±1.82% ID/g and 2.28±0.22% ID/g at 1 h and 2 h post injection, respectively. SPECT/CT imaging studies showed that tumor selective uptake of the radiolabeled peptides, which was confirmed by competitive blocking studies.


Subject(s)
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones , Melanoma/diagnostic imaging , Peptides, Cyclic , Technetium Compounds , Technetium , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Amines/chemistry , Animals , Binding, Competitive , Cell Line, Tumor , Chelating Agents/chemistry , Female , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Kinetics , Melanoma, Experimental , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Multimodal Imaging , Neoplasm Transplantation , Radiopharmaceuticals , Time Factors , Tissue Distribution , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
13.
Curr Top Med Chem ; 13(21): 2648-59, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24083794

ABSTRACT

The present review reports the antifungal activity of mushroom extracts and isolated compounds including high (e.g. peptides and proteins) and low (e.g. sesquiterpenes and other terpenes, steroids, organic acids, acylcyclopentenediones and quinolines) molecular weight compounds. Most of the studies available on literature focused on screening of antifungal activity of mushroom extracts, rather than of isolated compounds. Data indicate that mushroom extracts are mainly tested against different Candida species, while mushroom compounds are mostly tested upon other fungi. Therefore, the potential of these compounds might be more useful in food industry than in clinics. Oudemansiella canarii and Agaricus bisporus methanolic extracts proved to be the most active mushroom extracts against Candida spp. Grifolin, isolated from Albatrellus dispansus, seemed to be the most active compound against phytopathogenic fungi. Further studies should be performed in order to better understand the mechanism of action of this and other antifungal compounds as well as safety issues.


Subject(s)
Agaricales/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Basidiomycota/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification , Candida/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Terpenes/pharmacology
14.
Planta Med ; 78(16): 1707-18, 2012 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23023950

ABSTRACT

Despite the huge diversity of antibacterial compounds, bacterial resistance to first-choice antibiotics has been drastically increasing. Moreover, the association between multiresistant microorganisms and nosocomial infections highlight the problem, and the urgent need for solutions. Natural resources have been exploited in the last years and among them, mushrooms could be an alternative source of new antimicrobials. In this review, we present an overview of the antimicrobial properties of mushroom extracts and highlight some of the active compounds identified, including low- and high-molecular weight (LMW and HMW, respectively) compounds. LMW compounds are mainly secondary metabolites, such as sesquiterpenes and other terpenes, steroids, anthraquinones, benzoic acid derivatives, and quinolines, but also primary metabolites such as oxalic acid. HMW compounds are mainly peptides and proteins. Data available from the literature indicate a higher antimicrobial activity of mushroom extracts against gram-positive bacteria. Among all the mushrooms, Lentinus edodes is the most studied species and seems to have a broad antimicrobial action against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Plectasin peptide, obtained from Pseudoplectania nigrella, is the isolated compound with the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, while 2-aminoquinoline, isolated from Leucopaxillus albissimus, presents the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria.


Subject(s)
Agaricales/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Drug Discovery , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry , Fungal Proteins/chemistry , Fungal Proteins/isolation & purification , Fungal Proteins/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Weight , Mycelium/chemistry , Quinolines/chemistry , Quinolines/isolation & purification , Quinolines/pharmacology , Terpenes/chemistry , Terpenes/isolation & purification , Terpenes/pharmacology
15.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 58(4): 663-673, 2012. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, RHS Repository | ID: biblio-878811

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Este artigo busca contribuir para a discussão da política de recursos humanos na área de Citotecnologia com ênfase na atenção às neoplasias do colo do útero e na Educação Profissional na área. A escolha do tema justifica-se devido à falta de informações específicas desse trabalhador e o seu papel importante na atenção ao câncer do colo do útero. Objetivos: Mapear os profissionais que realizam exames citopatológicos no Brasil; descrever e examinar a produção e a distribuição geográfica de exames citopatológicos com relação às características dos trabalhadores encontrados; e identificar a oferta de cursos de educação profissional na área laboratorial no Brasil. Método: Estudo do tipo descritivo, exploratório, quantitativo, em bases de dados oficiais do Brasil. Resultados: Foram encontrados 10.372 trabalhadores realizando exames citopatológicos; dos quais, 5.871 (57%) de nível superior, 3.256 (31%) técnico e 1.245 (12%) fundamental, com predomínio do gênero feminino. Dos 1.052 laboratórios de citopatologia/anatomia patológica com produção no Sistema Único de Saúde, 899 processaram menos de 15 mil exames/ano. Dos cursos ofertados por subárea de formação, foram encontrados 167 em Farmácia, 159 em Análises Clínicas, 12 em Biodiagnóstico e 4 em Citopatologia. Conclusão: Este estudo permitiu mapear que os trabalhadores de nível técnico que realizam o escrutínio do exame citopatológico não têm formação específica para análise citomorfológicas dos exames, de acordo com as normas de cursos de técnicos do Ministério de Educação. (AU)


Introduction: This article aims to contribute to the discussion of human resources policy in Cytotechnology with an emphasis on the attention of cervical cancer and Professional Education in this area. The choice of this theme is justified by the lack of specific information about this worker and their important role in the attention to cervical cancer. Objectives: To map the professionals who perform cytopathological tests in Brazil; to describe and to exam production and geographic distribution of cytopathological tests in relation to the characteristics of the workers found; and to identify the offer of professional education courses in laboratory area in Brazil. Method: Descriptive, exploratory and quantitative study of Brazilian official database. Results: 10,372 workers who perform cytopathological tests were found, among which 5,871 (57%) have higher education degree, 3,256 (31%) have technical degree and 1,245 (12%) have secondary education, with the predominance of females. 899, out of 1,052 cytopathology/ pathological anatomy laboratories with production within the Unified Health System, have processed less than 15,000 tests per year. Among the courses offered according to the background sub-area 167 were found in Pharmacy, 159 in Clinical Analysis, 12 in Biodiagnostics and 4 in Cytopathology. Conclusion: This study made it possible to survey that technical level workers responsible for scrutinizing the cytopathologic exam lack specific training on cytomorphological analysis as per the Ministry of Health regulations for their training courses. (AU)


Introducción: Este artículo intenta contribuir para la discusión de la política de recursos humanos en el área de la Citotecnología con énfasis en la atención al cáncer de cuello de útero y en la Educación Profesional en el área. La elección del tema está justificada por la falta de informaciones específicas de ese trabajador y su papel importante en la atención al cáncer de cuello de útero. Objetivos: Hacer un levantamiento de los profesionales que realizan pruebas citopatológicas en Brasil; describir y verificar la producción y la distribución geográfica de las pruebas citopatológicas en su relación con las características de los trabajadores encontrados; e identificar la oferta de cursos de educación profesional en el área laboratorial en Brasil. Método: Estudio del tipo descriptivo, exploratorio, cuantitativo, con base de datos oficiales de Brasil. Resultados: Han sido encontrados 10.372 trabajadores realizando pruebas citopatológicas, de los cuales 5.871 (57%) con carreras universitarias, 3.256 (31%) con educación secundaria y 1.245 (12%) educación primaria obligatoria, con predominio del género femenino. De los 1.052 laboratorios de citopatología/ anatomía patológica con producción en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, 899 procesaron menos de 15 mil pruebas/ año. De los cursos ofrecidos por otras áreas correlacionadas de formación hemos encontrado 167 en Farmacia, 159 en Análisis Clínicas, 12 en Biodiagnóstico y 4 en Citopatología. Conclusión: Este estudio ha permitido esbozar que los trabajadores de nivel de educación secundaria que realizan el escrutinio de las pruebas citopatológicas no tienen formación profesional específica para los análisis citomorfológicos de las pruebas, de acuerdo con las normas de los cursos de formación técnica del Ministerio de Educación. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Education , Health Workforce , Medical Laboratory Personnel , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia , Health Workforce/organization & administration , Health Occupations , Laboratory Personnel , Pathology , Staff Development , Staff Development/organization & administration , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
16.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2005. 125 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDS | ID: lil-714959

ABSTRACT

Este estudo analisa o princípio da autonomia traduzido como o exercício do consentimento livre e esclarecido discutido à luz da bioética principalista. Para tal, foram verificados o referencial ético e as estratégias utilizadas pelos pesquisadores na obtenção do consentimento. Também foram analisadas as percepções dos pais e das crianças/adolescentes em relação às informações recebidas para a tomada de decisão em participar da pesquisa. Refletimos sobre a capacidade de decisão autônoma situar-se entre dois conceitos que divergem entre si: o desenvolvimento cognitivo que pode ser maior em determinadas crianças como as que apresentam longa enfermidade e o critério legal de maioridade civil que advoga a incapacidade para menores de 18 anos. Analisamos, de outro modo, a discussão de bioeticistas em relação à problemática da autonomia em crianças e adolescentes. Observamos que os autores pesquisados preconizam parâmetros mais flexíveis do que simplesmente a idade cronológica. Concluímos que a infância e adolescência dependem dos adultos para as decisões de saúde. Entretanto, quando se encontram fora do contexto da doença são considerados competentes e plenamente capazes de compreender e decidir situações do dia a dia em família. No referente ao processo de consentimento, este não ocorre porque a criança/adolescente mostra-se invisível neste processo. Ela é falada pelos outros que a consideram incapaz de compreender os procedimentos da pesquisa. Contudo, a criança/adolescente identifica a possibilidade da pesquisa/tratamento não trazer benefícios porque convive com a realidade de outras crianças que morrem.


This study analyzes the autonomy principle known as the exercise of informed consent, discussed in the light of the bioethics principle. To do this, the referential ethic and the strategies used by the researchers to obtain the consent, were verified. Also analyzed were the parents' and the children/adolescents' perceptions in relation to the information received for the decision taking, to participate in the research. We pondered the capacity of autonomous decision when placed between two diverging concepts: the knowledge development that can be greater in certain children, such as those that suffer long illness, and the legal criterion of civil majority that pleads the incapacity for minors of 18 years of age. We analyze, in another form, the discussions of bioethicists in relation to the problem of the autonomy in children and adolescence. We observe that the researched authors extol more flexible parameters other than simply the chronological age. We conclude that childhood and adolescence depend on adults for health decisions. However, when outside the context of illness, they are considered competent and fully capable of understanding and able to decide day-to-day situations in the family. With regard to the consent process, this doesn't happen because the child I adolescent appears to be invisible in this process. They are spoken about, by the others, who consider them to be unable to understand the research procedures. However, the child / adolescent identifies the possibility that the research / treatment will not bring benefits because they live with the reality of other children that die.


Subject(s)
Consent Forms , Informed Consent , Informed Consent By Minors , Personal Autonomy
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