ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), but blood pressure (BP) management during the acute phase of ICH is still controversial. Approximately one-fourth of ICHs occur during treatment with warfarin or aspirin. AIM: This study was designed to determine the effect of admission BP on the early prognosis of ICH patients by dividing them into three groups (warfarin, aspirin, and no drugs). METHODS: Three hundred and sixty-nine patients with supratentorial ICH were divided into three groups according to medication. Each group was evaluated in terms of prognosis and the risk for mortality based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge (good prognosis: mRS ≤ 3; poor prognosis: mRS > 3). The effect of admission BP on prognosis was evaluated for each group. RESULTS: The in-hospital mortality rate was 72% for ICH patients treated with warfarin, 41.6% for ICH patients treated with aspirin, and 35% for ICH patients treated with no drugs. Admission mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) values were higher in patients with poor prognosis compared with patients with good prognosis for the aspirin (P = .002) and no-drug (P = .001) groups, but not in the warfarin (P = .067) group. CONCLUSION: A high MABP at admission was found to be an independent predictor of poor prognosis for ICH patients treated with aspirin or with no drugs, but not for ICH patients treated with warfarin.
Subject(s)
Aspirin/adverse effects , Blood Pressure , Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/physiopathology , Warfarin/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Cerebral Hemorrhage/blood , Cerebral Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Female , Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects , Humans , Hypertension/blood , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/physiopathology , International Normalized Ratio , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve neuropathies are more common in patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) and a proximal lesion along an axon might predispose that nerve to injury at distal sites. To evaluate this hypothesis, the frequency of median nerve neuropathy at the wrist and the frequency of ulnar nerve neuropathy at the elbow were investigated in 80 patients with one-sided CR. METHODS: The symptomatic and asymptomatic extremities were compared for the electrophysiological parameters of ulnar and median nerve conduction studies. The patients were divided into three diagnostic subgroups (C5/C6 radiculopathy, C7 radiculopathy and C8/Th1 radiculopathy), and ulnar nerve conduction studies were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic extremities in each subgroup. RESULTS: Although, the median and ulnar nerves are mainly derived from C8/Th1 roots, we did not observe an increased frequency of ulnar nerve involvement at the elbow (3.7% in symptomatic, 2.5% in asymptomatic extremities) while increased median nerve involvement was present at the wrist (27.5% in symptomatic, 12.5% in asymptomatic extremities). CONCLUSION: The electrophysiological data and the frequency of ulnar and median nerve neuropathy did not support an etiological association between CR and distal neuropathy. SIGNIFICANCE: the association between CR and peripheral neuropathy is associational rather than causative.
