Reconstruction of Ligament and Tendon Defects Using Cell Technologies.

We studied the possibility of restoring the integrity of the Achilles tendon in rabbits using autologous multipotent stromal cells. Collagen or gelatin sponges populated with cells were placed in a resorbable Vicryl mesh tube and this tissue-engineered construct was introduced into a defect of the middle part of the Achilles tendon. In 4 months, histological analysis showed complete regeneration of the tendon with the formation of parallel collagen fibers, spindle-shaped tenocytes, and newly formed vessels.

[Changes in EEG and higher nervous activity of rats during cerebral anti-ischemic protection by acelysin]. / Izmenenie EEG i VID krys pri ispol'zovanii dlia protivoishemicheskoi zashchity golovnogo mozga atselizina.

The water-soluble aspirin (acelysin) has been used as an anti-ischaemic protector when injected in the dose of 150 mg/kg 30 min before ischaemia. The EEG has been registered during the whole period of experiment and the total EEG power index has been calculated. The higher nervous activity has been evaluated during analysis of rat's abilities for elaboration of conditional reflex of an active escape reaction in Y-labyrinth. The results have demonstrated the complete rehabilitation and restoration of brain functional activity 8 days after endurance of brain ischaemia under protection of acelisin.

[Anti-ischemic protection of the brain using water-soluble form of aspirin-acelisin]. / Protivoishemicheskaia zashchita golovnogo mozga s pomoshch'iu vodorastvorimoi formy aspirina-atselizina.

The domestic water-soluble aspirin (acelisin) has been used as an anti-ischemic brain protector. The total brain ischemia has been implemented in accordance with an original technique for 17 to 35 min. The doses of acelisin from 25 to 250 mg/kg have been tested during experiments. The infusion of solutions has been carried out before ischemia, 15 min before reperfusion and just after the beginning of reperfusion. The functional status and survival of rats have been evaluated during a week. The best result has been reached with 150 mg/kg acelisin injected 30 min before ischaemia. A positive effect was reported when acelisin was used in early postischaemic period.

[Effects of weak solutions of aldehydes on EEG changes in rats]. / Vliianie slabykh rastvorov al'degidov na izmeneniia EEG krys.

Alternations of EEG have been investigated after single intraarterial infusion of formaldehyde, glutaric aldehyde and its mixture in 50 adult male rats. The dissolved solutions of aldehydes were shown to have complicated inhibitive activity which consists of two phases. The first phase of EEG inhibition rapidly develops and it isn't very long in its duration. The second one is much more durable. Formaldehyde causes the first phase of inhibition in general, though glutaric aldehyde promotes especially the appearance of the second phase. The mixture of two aldehydes demonstrates synergic activity which is shown as significant increase of EEG inhibition as compared to individual inhibitive activity of aldehydes. The inhibitive influence of aldehydes is fully reversible, nonspecific and doesn't cause post-experimental disorders. The highest effect of brain protection from ischaemia damages coincides with development of maximum inhibition of specific brain functions during the second phase of EEG depression.

[Reversible deep whole-body hypothermia in rats]. / Obratimaia glubokaia gipotermiia tselostnogo organizma krys.

The effect of deep hypothermia on the rat's organism was investigated without the use of hypercapnic hypoxia or administration of medicine. The possibility of resuscitation and rehabilitation of rats after deep hypothermia depending on different rate of heating have been also studied. It has been observed that the cardiac activity stopped at about 3 degrees C. We supposed that the extremely intensive heating and temperature rise of an organism were both limiting factors. We have discovered that the low intensity of heating was the next factor of limitation which was connected with the duration of clinical death. These experiments showed that the intensive cooling and heating (about 0.4 degrees C per min.) are the best for resuscitation and rehabilitation after deep hypothermia.

[Optimization of conservation regimes and processes of regeneration of organs and tissues in surgery and transplantology using mathematical methods of planning experiments]. / Optimizatsiia rezhimov konservirovaniia i protsessov regeneratsii organov i tkanei v khirurgii i transplantologii s ispol'zovaniem matematicheskikh metodov planirovaniia éksperimenta.

The experience of using mathematical planning of an experiment in solving problems of multifactor optimisation in surgery and transplantology is discussed, including optimisation of heart and bone tissue preservation with low-dose aldehydes and antioxidants, study of the effects of retabolil on gastroenteroanastomosis regeneration, and optimisation of ischaemic damage prevention with low-dose aldehydes. In solving these problems, multifactor economical plans were initially applied to identify the optimal variants for several outputs. Second-order plans were further employed to specify the optimal regimes and construct models describing the optimum region. Recommendations on the choice of the most rational and time-saving regimes have been elaborated.

[Effect of ischemia and reperfusion of the rat brain on lipid peroxidation and the protective effect of antioxidants]. / Vliianie ishemii i reperfuzii golognogo mozga krys na protsessy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i zashchitnyi éffekt antioksidantov.

The experiments have been performed on 179 Wistar rats to examine the changes in the brain level of lipid peroxidation products upon 5-, 15-, 30- and 60-min ischemia and 5-, 20- and 60-min reperfusion and to study the protective effect of antioxidants. It has been found that ischemia is accompanied by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. The content increases by an average of 138-213% of the initial level. Brain reperfusion after 30-min ischemia was accompanied by an increase or maintenance of a high level of lipid peroxidation products. Ionol injection was accompanied by an increase in the survival of rats and prevented the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products after brain ischemia and reperfusion.

[Effect of formaldehyde on brain carbohydrate metabolism]. / Vliianie formal'degida na uglevodnyi obmen golovnogo mozga.

The use of formaldehyde makes it possible to decrease the speed of the energy metabolism in the brain without any significant pathological chemical changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system. The given effect of formaldehyde may account for the attenuation of hypoxic and ischemic disturbances.

[Permeability of the blood-brain barrier to intra-arterial formaldehyde]. / O pronitsaemosti gematoéntsefalicheskogo bar'era dlia formal'degida pri ego vnutrisosudistom vvedenii.

Formaldehyde concentration was assessed in the brain, cerebrospinal liquor, arterial and venous blood of intact animals and following its intraarterial injections. It is concluded that formaldehyde is capable of penetrating through the blood-brain barrier, with the degree of permeability depending on blood formaldehyde concentration. The distribution of formaldehyde in the blood-brain-cerebrospinal liquor system suggests the presence of both protein-bound and unbound formaldehyde forms in the organism.

[A microsurgical model of cerebral ischemia]. / Mikrokhirurgicheskaia model' ishemii golovnogo mozga.

Microsurgery was performed on 102 rats of both sexes weighing from 150 to 250 g. Anesthesia was induced by injecting 1% hexenal into the abdominal cavity (1 ml/100 g bw). By median incision of the inferior third of the neck and upper third of the pectoris bone an extrapleural access to the mediastinum was actieved, where the common carotid and subclavian arteries were constricted distally to the branching out of the intrathoracic and proximally to the vertebral arteries. The EEG stopped being recorded at the 23 +/- 5th s, respiration stopped at the 4 +/- 0.3th min of cerebral ischemia. Blood pressure and heart rates, after a brief rise, gradually decreased with ischemia prolongation. Appearance of the EEG and respiration and the ECG and blood pressure after 10 min of cerebral ischemia took place within the first 20 min of the postischemic period. After cerebral ischemia lasting over 10 min all the animals died.

[Choice of the optimal regimens for preserving the heart with weak aldehyde solutions using mathematical methods of experimental design]. / Vybor optimal'nykh rezhimov konservirovaniia serdtsa slabymi rastvorami al'degidov s ispol'zovaniem matematicheskikh metodov planirovaniia éksperimenta.

An optimal variant of myocardial conservation was found by means of the methods of experimental design with the use of a small number of experiments. This variant consists of different regimens and conditions affecting the results of transplantation with the use of weak aldehyde concentrations. The conservation regimens in question allow more complete protection of the test organ against long-term ischemic injuries preserving myocardial contractility during the post-transplantation period.