Association between Taql polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene and vertical growth of the mandible: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine whether the gonial angle on digital panoramic radiographs is associated with vitamin D receptor (VDR) Taql polymorphism. Methods: Genomic DNA samples were collected from the buccal mucosa of patients aged 26-43 years. TaqMan assay for single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping was used to detect the genotype of Taql polymorphism. The gonial angle was measured bilaterally on panoramic radiography. The normal gonial angle was fixed as 121.8°, and it represented the cutoff value for the high gonial angle (HGA) and low gonial angle (LGA) groups. Various genetic models were analyzed, namely dominant (homozygous [AA] vs. heterozygous [AG] + polymorphic [GG]), recessive (AA + AG vs. GG), and additive (AA + GG vs. AG), using the chi-squared test. Results: The reliability of the gonial angle measurement was analyzed using a random sample (26%) of the tests, with the intra-examiner correlation showing an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.99. The frequencies of the AA, AG, and GG genotypes of rs731236 polymorphism were 40.5%, 41.9%, and 17.6% in the HGA group and 21.8%, 51.0%, and 27.2% in the LGA group, respectively (P = 0.042). A statistically significant difference was observed in the allele frequencies between the two groups (P = 0.011). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed in the dominant genetic model. Conclusions: Taql polymorphism in the VDR gene plays a critical role in the vertical growth of the mandible and decreased gonial angle.

Oral health status after orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study / Estado de salud bucal después del tratamiento de ortodoncia: un estudio retrospectivo

ABSTRACT: Orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity may cause problems such as white spot lesions, dental plaque, periodontal disease and root resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between orthodontic treatment and oral health parameters including visible dental plaque, gingival recession and white spot lesions (WSLs). A total of 170 patients (86 females, 84 males) were randomly selected to determine visible dental plaque, gingival recession and white spot lesions by using pre-treatment and post-treatment oral photographs. Except of previously extracted teeth, maxillary and mandibular incisors, canine, 1st and 2nd premolars and 1st molar were evaluated. There was a significant difference between the T0 (before treatment) and T1 (after treatment) groups in visible plaque (P< 0.001). The distribution of gingival recession frequencies according to Miller classification before treatment did not differ from the after treatment (P=082). A statistically significant increase in the severity of WSL was detected between the two time points (P< 0.001). Males have been shown to have higher WSL incidence after treatment. In conclusion, the present study showed that visible dental plaque and white spot lesions significant increase after orthodontic treatment. Considering the relationship between oral health and orthodontic treatment, clinicians and patients should know the risks and take precautions.

RESUMEN: Los aparatos de ortodoncia en la cavidad oral puede causar problemas como lesiones de mancha blanca, placa dental, enfermedad periodontal y reabsorción radicular. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación entre el tratamiento de ortodoncia y los parámetros de salud bucal, incluida la placa dental visible, la recesión gingival y las lesiones de mancha blanca (LMB). Un total de 170 pacientes (86 mujeres, 84 hombres) fueron seleccionados al azar para determinar la placa dental visible, la recesión gingival y las lesiones de manchas blancas mediante el uso de fotografías orales antes y después del tratamiento. Excepto los dientes extraídos previamente, se evaluaron incisivos maxilares y mandibulares, caninos, premolares y primeros molares. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los grupos T0 (antes del tratamiento) y T1 (después del tratamiento) en la placa visible (P<0.001). La distribución de las frecuencias de recesión gingival según la clasificación de Miller antes del tratamiento no mostraron diferencias significativas con respecto al postratamiento (P=0.082). Se detectó un aumento estadísticamente significativo en la gravedad de LMB entre los dos puntos de tiempo (P<0.001). Se ha demostrado que los hombres tienen una mayor incidencia de LMB después del tratamiento. En conclusión, el presente estudio mostró que la placa dental visible y las lesiones de manchas blancas aumentaron significativamente durante el tratamiento de ortodoncia. Teniendo en cuenta la relación entre la salud bucal y el tratamiento de ortodoncia, los médicos y los pacientes deben conocer los riesgos y tomar precauciones.

Periodontal and caries status in unexplained female infertility: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between maternal periodontal disease and dental caries that affect oral health and unexplained infertility. METHODS: This cross-sectional case-control study included 50 fertile women and 50 women with unexplained infertility aged 21 to 39 years. Dental and periodontal parameters were examined to evaluate the oral health of the participants. According to the new periodontal disease classification, periodontitis severity was determined. RESULTS: In infertile women, the number of advanced caries lesions, the percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were higher (P < 0.05). The DMFT and mean plaque index (PI) were not statistically different between the two groups. The PISA and PESA values were higher in women with unexplained infertility than in fertile women (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively). In multivariate analysis showed that association of DMFT and BOP variables with periodontitis was found to be significant for all women included in the study and for infertile women only (P = 0.000 and P = 0.012 for DMFT, respectively; P = 0.000 and P = 0.016 for BOP, respectively). CONCLUSION: The chronic inflammatory environment caused by periodontitis and advanced carious lesions in women with unexplained infertility should be of great concern as it may have a role in the etiology of infertility.

Effectiveness of vibrational forces on orthodontic treatment : A randomized, controlled clinical trial.

AIM: AcceleDent® Aura (OrthoAccel® Technologies, Bellaire, TX, USA) is a class II medical device with U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval that uses SoftPulse Technology™ to increase the speed of tooth movement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of vibrational forces on the rate of canine distalization. METHODS: A total of 20 patients (10 boys and 10 girls) who had class II division 1 malocclusion or severe crowding and indicated first premolar extractions for treatment were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: 8 in the control group and 12 in the study group. Three-dimensional digital models were taken just before canine distalization and after space closure using the 3Shape TRIOS® R700 (3Shape Inc., Copenhagen, Denmark) device. Linear measurements between molars and canines were evaluated. The results were assessed with SPSS 23.0 program (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: One subject was excluded from the study group due to insufficient oral hygiene and poor patient compliance. Tooth movement rates were 1.06 mm/month for mandibular and maxillary canine teeth in the control group. In the study group, tooth movement rates were 1.24 mm/month for maxillary canines and 1.09 mm/month for mandibular canines. These differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: AcceleDent® Aura is an easy-to-use device; however, in our study its application did not have any positive effects on canine retraction rates.

Variants in taste genes on caries risk and caries activity status.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of taste-related gene polymorphisms (CA6, TAS1R1, TAS1R3, TLR2, and TLR4) on dental caries and caries activity in adults. Individuals aged 25-44 years included in the study were assigned to two groups according to the decayed-missing-filled teeth index (DMFT) as the high caries risk (DMFT ≥ 14, n = 100) and the low caries risk (DMFT ≤ 5, n = 100). TaqMan allelic discrimination assays were used for genotyping the gene variants after isolating the DNA from the buccal smears. According to the American dental association caries classification system (ADA CCS), all teeth were scored as initial, moderate or advanced caries. The variant of the gustin (CA6) in saliva was found to be associated with a high caries risk (CA6 rs17032907, P < .001). There was also a statistically significant difference in the dominant model of the same variant (CC vs. TT: P < .001, OR = 5.05, 95% CI: 2.38-10.71). The presence of genotype CC and allele C was less frequent in the advanced caries lesion group (P < .001). This study shows that the CA6 rs17032907 gene variant may be a risk factor for dental caries affecting caries activity. Clinical Trials ID: NCT04066101.