ABSTRACT
Serum samples (n = 1532) were collected between May 2011 to April 2012 from goats from 76 herds (49 from dairy farms and 27 herds for genetic improvement) from three geographical regions from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: Zona da Mata, Agreste, and Sertão. Samples were processed using agar gel immunodiffusion test, with p28 CAEV antigen. The objective was to determine the risk factors for small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) in dairy goats and goats with high genetic value. Overall, seroprevalence was 13.7% (210/1532) [95% CI: 12-15.4%] in animals and 67.1% (51/76) [95% CI: 56.5%- 77.7%] in herds. In dairy farms the seroprevalence was 73.5% (36/49) [95% CI: 61.1%- 85.8%], and in properties with animals of high genetic value it was 55.6% (15/27) [95% CI: 36.8%- 74.3%]. Robust Poisson regression analysis adjusted by the random effect of the herd showed that risk factors were: importing bucks from another Brazilian state (prevalence ratio [PR] = 4.73 [95% CI: 2.05; 10.88]), not isolating sick animals (PR = 3.27 [95% CI: 2.24; 4.76]), and participating in fairs/animal crowding (PR = 1.52 [95% CI: 1.09; 2.11]). Prevalence results show that SRLV is present in caprine herds in the state of Pernambuco and identified risk factors are strongly related to animal transit. Considering the epidemiological situation, the first step for mitigating the consequences of this disease would be controlling animal transit.
Subject(s)
Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine , Goat Diseases , Lentivirus Infections , Animals , Goats , Brazil/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Lentivirus Infections/epidemiology , Lentivirus Infections/veterinaryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella spp in humans. METHOD: this is an observational study, developed with 455 individuals between 18 and 64 years old, who use the Estratégia de Saúde da Família (Brazil's family health strategy). The serum samples of volunteers underwent buffered acid antigen tests, such as screening, agar gel immunodiffusion and slow seroagglutination test in tubes and 2-Mercaptoethanol. RESULTS: among the samples, 1.98% has responded to buffered-acid antigen, 2.85% to agar gel immunodiffusion test and 1.54% to the slow seroagglutination tests on tubes/2-Mercaptoethanol. The prevalence of Brucella spp was 4.4%, represented by the last two tests. CONCLUSION: the results of this research suggest that the studied population is exposed to Brucella spp infection.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Brucellosis/blood , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Brucella/immunology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella spp in humans.Method: this is an observational study, developed with 455 individuals between 18 and 64 years old, who use the Estratégia de Saúde da Família (Brazil's family health strategy). The serum samples of volunteers underwent buffered acid antigen tests, such as screening, agar gel immunodiffusion and slow seroagglutination test in tubes and 2-Mercaptoethanol.Results: among the samples, 1.98% has responded to buffered-acid antigen, 2.85% to agar gel immunodiffusion test and 1.54% to the slow seroagglutination tests on tubes/2-Mercaptoethanol. The prevalence of Brucella spp was 4.4%, represented by the last two tests.Conclusion: the results of this research suggest that the studied population is exposed to Brucella spp infection.
Objetivo: determinar a soroprevalência da Brucella spp em humanos.Método: trata-se de estudo observacional, desenvolvido com 455 indivíduos entre 18 e 64 anos, selecionados, que utilizavam a estratégia de saúde da família. As amostras de soro dos voluntários foram submetidas aos testes de antígeno acidificado tamponado, como triagem, imunodifusão em gel de ágar e aos testes de soroaglutinação lenta em tubos e 2-mercaptoetanol.Resultados: dentre as amostras, 1,98% reagiram ao antígeno acidificado tamponado, 2,85% à imunodifusão em gel ágar e 1,54% aos testes de soroaglutinação lenta em tubos/2-mercaptoetanol. Sendo a prevalência da Brucella spp de 4,4%, representada pelos dois últimos testes.Conclusão: os resultados desta pesquisa sugerem que a população estudada encontra-se exposta à infecção por Brucella spp.
Objetivo: determinar la seroprevalencia de la Brucella spp en humanos.Método: se trata de un estudio observacional, desarrollado con 455 individuos seleccionados con edades entre 18 y 64 años, que utilizaban la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Las muestras de suero de los voluntarios fueron sometidas a las pruebas de antígeno acidificado tamponado, como tamizaje, inmunodifusión en gel de agar y a las pruebas de seroaglutinación lenta en tubos y 2-mercaptoetanol.Resultados: entre las muestras; el 1,98% reaccionó al antígeno acidificado tamponado, el 2,85% reaccionó a la inmunodifusión en gel agar; y el 1,54%, a las pruebas de seroaglutinación lenta en tubos/2-mercaptoetanol. La prevalencia de laBrucella spp representada por las dos últimas pruebas fue del 4,4%.Conclusión: los resultados de esta investigación sugieren que la población que ha sido estudiada se encuentra expuesta a la infección por Brucellaspp.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Brucellosis/blood , Brucellosis/epidemiology , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Brucella/immunology , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a sensibilidade in vitro de Staphylococcus spp. frente a alguns desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping em vacas leiteiras. Foram testados um total de 60 isoladosde Staphylococcus spp. identificados como S. aureus (50) e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (10) recuperados deglândulas mamárias de vacas com mastite subclínica procedentes das regiões Metropolitana do Recife, Agreste e Zona da Mata do Estado de Pernambuco. O estudo da eficáciados desinfetantes utilizados no pré e pós-dipping foi realizado utilizando-se os seguintes princípios ativos: cloro(2,5%), iodo (0,57%), clorexidine (2,0%), amônia quaternária (4,0%) e ácido lático (2,0%) em quatro temposdistintos (15", 30", 60" e 300"). Observou-se que 100% de S. aureus foram sensíveis ao iodo, 93,3% sensíveis a clorexidine, 80% sensíveis a amônia, 35,6% sensíveis ao ácido lático e 97,8% resistentes ao cloro no tempo de 60". Com relação a Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP), 100% dos isolados foram sensíveis ao iodo, 81,8% sensíveis a amônia quaternária, 99,9% sensíveis ao ácido lático, 72,7% sensíveis a clorexidine e 100% resistentes ao cloro no tempo de 60". Conclui-se que a maior atividade desinfetante in vitro foi verificada para o iodo e clorexidine frente a S. aureus e do iodo e ácido lático frente aos SCP e que há necessidade de avaliação periódica dos desinfetantes utilizadosnas propriedades leiteiras nas regiões estudadas, pois, existem variações no perfil de sensibilidade e resistênciaaos desinfetantes que podem comprometer os programas de controle da mastite bovina causada por Staphylococcusspp.
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the in vitro sensibility ofStaphylococcus spp. to several commercially available disinfectants used for pre and post dipping. A total of 60 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., identified as Staphylococcus aureus (50) and Positive coagulase Staphylococcus (10) were obtained from the mammary glands of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the regions of Metropolitan Recife, the Agreste and the Zona da Mata of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. As active ingredients were used a chlorine base (25%), iodine (0.6%), chlorhexidine (2.0%), quaternary ammonium (4.0%), and lactic acid (2.0%) at four specific intervals (15", 30", 60", and 300"). One hundred percent of S. aureus was found to be sensitive to iodine, 93.3% tochlorhexidine, 80% to ammonia, 35.6% to lactic acid, and 97.8% were resistant to chlorine at a 60-minute interval. With respect to the Positive coagulase Staphylococcus (SCP), 100.0% of the isolates were sensitive to iodine, 81.8% to quaternary ammonium, 99.9% to lactic acid, 72.7% to chlorhexidine, and 100% was resistant to chlorine at an interval of 60 minutes. It can be concluded that the highest disinfectant activity in vitro was found to be with iodine and chlorhexidine for S. aureus, and with iodine and lactic acid for SCP. Afurther conclusion was that it is important to undertake a periodic evaluation of the disinfectants used on the dairy properties in the regions studied, given the variety of sensibilities and resistance to disinfectants used, which may prejudice the control ofbovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Disinfectants/adverse effects , Mastitis, Bovine/prevention & control , Staphylococcus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a sensibilidade in vitro de Staphylococcus spp. frente a alguns desinfetantes comerciais utilizados no pré e pós-dipping em vacas leiteiras. Foram testados um total de 60 isoladosde Staphylococcus spp. identificados como S. aureus (50) e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (10) recuperados deglândulas mamárias de vacas com mastite subclínica procedentes das regiões Metropolitana do Recife, Agreste e Zona da Mata do Estado de Pernambuco. O estudo da eficáciados desinfetantes utilizados no pré e pós-dipping foi realizado utilizando-se os seguintes princípios ativos: cloro(2,5%), iodo (0,57%), clorexidine (2,0%), amônia quaternária (4,0%) e ácido lático (2,0%) em quatro temposdistintos (15", 30", 60" e 300"). Observou-se que 100% de S. aureus foram sensíveis ao iodo, 93,3% sensíveis a clorexidine, 80% sensíveis a amônia, 35,6% sensíveis ao ácido lático e 97,8% resistentes ao cloro no tempo de 60". Com relação a Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP), 100% dos isolados foram sensíveis ao iodo, 81,8% sensíveis a amônia quaternária, 99,9% sensíveis ao ácido lático, 72,7% sensíveis a clorexidine e 100% resistentes ao cloro no tempo de 60". Conclui-se que a maior atividade desinfetante in vitro foi verificada para o iodo e clorexidine frente a S. aureus e do iodo e ácido lático frente aos SCP e que há necessidade de avaliação periódica dos desinfetantes utilizadosnas propriedades leiteiras nas regiões estudadas, pois, existem variações no perfil de sensibilidade e resistênciaaos desinfetantes que podem comprometer os programas de controle da mastite bovina causada por Staphylococcusspp.(AU)
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the in vitro sensibility ofStaphylococcus spp. to several commercially available disinfectants used for pre and post dipping. A total of 60 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., identified as Staphylococcus aureus (50) and Positive coagulase Staphylococcus (10) were obtained from the mammary glands of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis in the regions of Metropolitan Recife, the Agreste and the Zona da Mata of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. As active ingredients were used a chlorine base (25%), iodine (0.6%), chlorhexidine (2.0%), quaternary ammonium (4.0%), and lactic acid (2.0%) at four specific intervals (15", 30", 60", and 300"). One hundred percent of S. aureus was found to be sensitive to iodine, 93.3% tochlorhexidine, 80% to ammonia, 35.6% to lactic acid, and 97.8% were resistant to chlorine at a 60-minute interval. With respect to the Positive coagulase Staphylococcus (SCP), 100.0% of the isolates were sensitive to iodine, 81.8% to quaternary ammonium, 99.9% to lactic acid, 72.7% to chlorhexidine, and 100% was resistant to chlorine at an interval of 60 minutes. It can be concluded that the highest disinfectant activity in vitro was found to be with iodine and chlorhexidine for S. aureus, and with iodine and lactic acid for SCP. Afurther conclusion was that it is important to undertake a periodic evaluation of the disinfectants used on the dairy properties in the regions studied, given the variety of sensibilities and resistance to disinfectants used, which may prejudice the control ofbovine mastitis caused by Staphylococcus spp.(AU)