ABSTRACT
The effect of water bath cooking (WBC), oven convection roasting (OCR), grilling (G), pan-frying (PF) on the fatty acid profile and health lipid indices of goose meat was investigated in this study. The experimental material covered 80 breast muscles (40 with skin and subcutaneous fat and 40 without skin) cut from carcasses of 17-week-old "Polish oat geese". The fatty acid profile of meat was determined by gas chromatography and health lipid indices were calculated. It was stated that the kind of heat treatment as well as the type of goose meat (muscles with and without skin) affected the fatty acid profile and health lipid indices. The sum of SFA was significantly higher in cooked samples for both kinds of meat than in raw ones. The cooked samples with skin had a lower increase in Æ© SFA than the skinless meat. Boiling (meat without skin) and pan-frying (both kinds of meat) caused a slight decrease, while grilling and oven convection roasting (both kinds of meat) caused an increase of Æ© MUFA in comparison to raw samples. Moreover, meat with skin is characterized by a higher value of Æ© MUFA than meat without skin for all cooking methods. The Æ© PUFA was lower in all cooked samples than in raw meat, wherein this decline was usually higher for skinned meat. The G meat was the lowest and PF the highest in Σ PUFA for both kinds of meat after heat treatment. The highest loss showed C20:4 n-6 in OCR samples and the lowest C18:2 n-6 in PF (both kinds of meat). Heat treatment caused an increase in the Σ PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio, wherein the lowest value was shown by the WBC samples without skin, and the highest by OCR with skin. Water bath cooking of meat was more beneficial for consumers in terms of AI, TI, Σ DFA/Σ OFA, Σ PUFA/Σ SFA, Σ UFA/Σ SFA indexes and Σ SFA, Σ OFA values than the remaining methods.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids , Geese , Animals , Chickens , Hot Temperature , Lipids , Meat/analysis , PolandABSTRACT
The effect of water bath cooking (WBC), oven convection roasting (OCR), grilling (G), pan frying (PF) on selected physical properties of goose meat was compared in this study. A measurement of cooking loss, texture, color parameters, and sensory evaluation was carried out. The experimental material covered 96 breast muscles cut from carcasses of 17-week-old "Polish oat geese." The kind of goose meat (with and without skin) and the type of heat treatment affected cooking loss, shear force (SF), and rheological parameters (hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness). The water bath-cooked and pan-fried samples for both kinds of meat were characterized by lower cooking loss than other ones. Goose meat with skin and subcutaneous fat showed higher cooking loss and lower SF value, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness than that without skin for all methods. The water bath-cooked samples were characterized by the lowest SF value, hardness, and chewiness for both kinds of meat. They had the highest value of L∗ parameter and were characterized by a lighter color among others, too. Pan-fried meat showed the highest value of a∗ and lowest of ho parameters; the color of these samples was redder. Moreover, the lower C values of oven convection-roasted and grilled samples showed that they were brighter. According to the Comission Internationale de l'Eclairage classification, the ΔE parameter only for G and OCR indicated noticeable color differences (<2), whereas other pairs had visible differences. The method of cooking affected sensory descriptors such as the intensity of flavor and aroma, tenderness, juiciness, springiness, cohesiveness, and overall palatability of goose meat. The goose samples of PF, G, and OCR were characterized as very good and WBC as extremely desirable overall palatability. However, in the next stage of research, there is a need to study changes in the chemical composition, the degree of lipid oxidation, and the nutritional value of this meat that underwent different methods of cooking. Only then it will be possibly to clearly determine which method of the heat treatment of goose meat is optimal.