ABSTRACT
We report the first detection of Senecavirus A (SVA) in nine of 12 (75%) pigs in Thailand in 2016. The full-length genome demonstrated that Thai SVA isolates were closely related to the first Canada strain (11-55910-3) than the recent strains causing outbreaks in Brazil, the United States and China in 2015-2016.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Picornaviridae Infections/veterinary , Picornaviridae/isolation & purification , Swine Diseases/virology , Animals , Genome, Viral/genetics , Phylogeny , Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology , Picornaviridae Infections/virology , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Thailand/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strains can be divided into non-S-INDEL and S-INDEL strains. PEDV pathogenesis is strain-specific, and studies in neonatal pigs have demonstrated that the PEDV non-S-INDEL strains are more pathogenic than the PEDV S-INDEL strains. RNA viruses, including PEDV, can interact with a large number of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the intestinal mucosa, including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). We investigated the differential gene modulation of TLRs, RIG-I, and downstream mediators on the intestinal mucosa of neonatal pigs infected with PEDV S-INDEL and non-S-INDEL strains. Ten five-day-old piglets were inoculated orally with 10ml of 104 TCDI50/ml of either PEDV non-S-INDEL or S-INDEL strains. PEDV S-INDEL infection induced pro-inflammatory cytokines through the non-canonical NF-κB signaling pathway by activating RIG-I. In contrast, PEDV non-S-INDEL infection suppressed the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type 1 interferon production by down-regulation of TLRs and downstream signaling molecules.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/veterinary , Gene Expression Regulation/immunology , INDEL Mutation , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/genetics , Swine Diseases/virology , Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism , Animals , Coronavirus Infections/virology , Cytokines/genetics , Cytokines/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/virology , Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/physiology , Swine , Toll-Like Receptors/geneticsABSTRACT
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was detected by RT-PCR in 12 of 97 (12.4%) intestinal samples collected during 2015 from piglets with diarrhoea in Thailand, Vietnam and Lao PDR. Spike, membrane and nucleocapsid genes were characterized, and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that PDCoV isolates from Thai and Lao PDR form a novel cluster, separated from US and China isolates, but relatively were more closely related to China PDCoV than US isolates. Vietnam PDCoVs, however, were grouped together with US PDCoV. The analyses of amino acid changes suggested that they were from different lineage.
