ABSTRACT
The capability of biotransformation of 11 microalgae strains was tested on ethinylestradiol (EE). Seven strains were ineffective whilst Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Scenedesmus vacuolatus and Ankistrodesmus braunii biotransformed the substrate. EE was converted by S. capricornutum in three products (ethinylestradiol glucoside, 3-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxyethinylestradiol, and 3-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-6beta-hydroxyethinyl estradiol) in 40%, 5%, and 5% yields, respectively. S. quadricauda transformed EE into 17alpha-ethinyl-1,4-estradien-10,17beta-diol-3-one (12%) and A. braunii transformed EE into 6-alpha-hydroxy-ethinylestradiol (25%). It is noteworthy that EE is converted in 92% yield in ethinylestradiol glucoside by S. capricornutum when using optimal algal density conditions.
Subject(s)
Chlorophyta/metabolism , Ethinyl Estradiol/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism , Biotransformation , GlycosylationABSTRACT
Lansoprazole and omeprazole degrade in water leading to sulfides, benzimidazolones and a red complex material. Degradation is accelerated in acid medium and by solar simulator irradiation. Benzimidazoles, dianilines and pyridines have also been identified.
Subject(s)
Omeprazole/analogs & derivatives , Omeprazole/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrolysis , Lansoprazole , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Omeprazole/chemistry , Omeprazole/radiation effects , Photochemistry , Ultraviolet Rays , Water Pollutants, Chemical/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Six furano-ent-labdanes, 19-acetoxy-15,16-epoxy-8(17),13(16),14-ent-labdatrien-20-al, 15,16-epoxy-12-oxo-8(17),13(16),14-ent-labdatrien-20,19-olide, 12(S)-hydroxy-15,16-epoxy-8(17),13(16),14-ent-labdatrien-20,19-olide, 10alpha,19-dihydroxy-15,16-epoxy-8(17),13(16),14-nor-ent-labdatriene, 19,20-dihydroxy-15,16-epoxy-8(17),13(16),14-ent-labdatriene, 15,16-epoxy-12-oxo-8(17),13(16),14-ent-labdatrien-19,20-olide, were isolated, together with the known potamogetonin, from the aquatic plant Potamogeton natans. Their structures were determined on the basis of their chemical and spectral data. The compounds showed in vitro phytotoxicity against Raphidocelis subcapitata, a microalga used in aquatic tests.
