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1.
J Cardiothorac Surg ; 19(1): 290, 2024 May 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38750504

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation, and establish predictive models of atrial fibrillation recurrence. METHODS: Overall, 224 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation from November 2014 to November 2020 were included. The statistical package for social sciences, X-tile, and R-studio were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Patients were divided into training and validation sets according to a ratio of 3:1. The training set was analysed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and showed that preoperative uric acid > 401 µmol/L (P = 0.006), B-type natriuretic peptide > 202 ng/L (P = 0.042), hypersensitivity C-reactive protein > 6.1 mg/L (P = 0.026), erythrocyte sedimentation rate > 7.0 mm/h (P = 0.016), preoperative left atrial diameter > 48 mm (P = 0.031) were significantly correlated with the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation. In the training set, a Cox regression model of the five related factors was established using the R language. The C-index of the model was 0.82, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.831 (P < 0.001). Internal and external verification was performed in the training and validation sets, respectively, and both showed that the fit of the verification curve was relatively good at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively. After calculating the weight of each related factor using the nomogram, a new risk predictive model (BLUCE) for postoperative atrial fibrillation was established. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with atrial fibrillation, preoperative uric acid, B-type natriuretic peptide, hypersensitivity C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and left atrial diameter are risk factors for atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter recurrence after radiofrequency ablation. The BLUCE predictive model can distinguish high-risk groups of postoperative atrial fibrillation. High-risk patients in the BLUCE model were more likely to experience recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation and a low possibility of maintaining sinus rhythm.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Catheter Ablation , Heart Valve Diseases , Mitral Valve , Recurrence , Humans , Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Mitral Valve/surgery , Catheter Ablation/methods , Risk Factors , Retrospective Studies , Aged , Radiofrequency Ablation/methods , Risk Assessment/methods
2.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(21): 11938-11948, 2024 May 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38752540

ABSTRACT

The pursuit of new succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitors is a leading edge in fungicide research and development. The use of 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models significantly enhances the development of compounds with potent antifungal properties. In this study, we leveraged the natural product coumarin as a molecular scaffold to synthesize 74 novel 3-coumarin hydrazide derivatives. Notably, compounds 4ap (0.28 µg/mL), 6ae (0.32 µg/mL), and 6ah (0.48 µg/mL) exhibited exceptional in vitro effectiveness against Rhizoctonia solani, outperforming the commonly used fungicide boscalid (0.52 µg/mL). Furthermore, compounds 4ak (0.88 µg/mL), 6ae (0.61 µg/mL), 6ah (0.65 µg/mL), and 6ak (1.11 µg/mL) showed significant activity against Colletotrichum orbiculare, surpassing both the SDHI fungicide boscalid (43.45 µg/mL) and the broad-spectrum fungicide carbendazim (2.15 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies and SDH enzyme assays indicate that compound 4ah may serve as a promising SDHI fungicide. Our ongoing research aims to refine this 3D-QSAR model further, enhance molecular design, and conduct additional bioactivity assays.


Subject(s)
Coumarins , Fungicides, Industrial , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Rhizoctonia , Succinate Dehydrogenase , Coumarins/chemistry , Coumarins/pharmacology , Coumarins/chemical synthesis , Fungicides, Industrial/pharmacology , Fungicides, Industrial/chemistry , Fungicides, Industrial/chemical synthesis , Rhizoctonia/drug effects , Succinate Dehydrogenase/antagonists & inhibitors , Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Colletotrichum/drug effects , Molecular Structure , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Fungal Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Fungal Proteins/chemistry , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , Hydrazines/chemistry , Hydrazines/pharmacology , Hydrazines/chemical synthesis , Molecular Docking Simulation , Halogenation , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/chemical synthesis
3.
J Cardiothorac Surg ; 19(1): 251, 2024 Apr 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38643125

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare cardiac anomaly which can be congenital or acquired. Patients with SVA are commonly asymptomatic when the occupying effect of SVA is insignificant, while ruptured SVA usually causes severe symptoms including heart failure and myocardial ischemia. CASE PRESENTATION: We present an unusual case of a 64-year-old female manifesting with exertional dyspnea as well as angina pectoris for three months. Echocardiography and cardiac computed tomographic angiography confirmed unruptured left-coronary and non-coronary SVAs. The left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery were stretched and compressed by the SVA which causing myocardial ischemia. The patient finally received aortic root replacement (Bentall procedure) and got symptom relieved. CONCLUSIONS: Giant unruptured SVA originating from left coronary sinus is extremely rare. Our case highlights that giant SVA should be considered in cases with angina pectoris. Echocardiography and coronary computed tomographic angiography are useful and important for diagnosis. Surgery is highly recommended in patients with SVA.


Subject(s)
Aortic Aneurysm , Sinus of Valsalva , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Sinus of Valsalva/diagnostic imaging , Sinus of Valsalva/surgery , Aortic Aneurysm/complications , Aortic Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Aneurysm/surgery , Echocardiography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Angina Pectoris/etiology , Angina Pectoris/surgery
4.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(12): 6672-6683, 2024 Mar 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38481361

ABSTRACT

Flavonoids, ubiquitous natural products, provide sources for drug discovery owing to their structural diversity, broad-spectrum pharmacological activity, and excellent environmental compatibility. To develop antibacterial and antifungal agents with novel mechanisms of action and innovative structures, a series of novel 5-sulfonyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-substituted flavonoids were designed and synthesized, and their biological activities against seven agriculturally common phytopathogenic microorganisms were evaluated. The results of the antimicrobial bioassay showed that most of the target compounds displayed excellent inhibitory effects against Xanthomonas oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Colletotrichum orbiculare. Compounds 1, 3, 7, 9, 13, and 14 exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against X. oryzae pv. oryzae with EC50 values below 10 µg/mL, which were superior to bismerthiazol (70.89 µg/mL). Compound 2 (EC50 = 0.41 µg/mL) displayed the most effective inhibitory potency against R. solani in vivo, comparable protective effects with the positive control carbendizam. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that compound 2 induced disordered entanglement of hyphae, shrinkage of hyphal surfaces, extravasation of cellular contents, and vacuole swelling and rupture, which disrupted normal hyphal growth. Subsequently, compounds 35-53 with good antifungal activity were designed and synthesized based on reliable three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models. Compound 49 showed high efficacy and superior antifungal activity against R. solani, with an EC50 value of 0.28 µg/mL and a half-maximal effective concentration of 0.46 µg/mL.


Subject(s)
Fungicides, Industrial , Thiadiazoles , Xanthomonas , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Fungicides, Industrial/chemistry , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Structure-Activity Relationship
5.
Theranostics ; 14(5): 1886-1908, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38505621

ABSTRACT

Rationale: Lymphangiogenesis plays a critical role in the transplanted heart. The remodeling of lymphatics in the transplanted heart and the source of newly formed lymphatic vessels are still controversial, especially the mechanism of lymphangiogenesis remains limited. Methods: Heart transplantation was performed among BALB/c, C57BL/6J, Cag-Cre, Lyve1-CreERT2;Rosa26-tdTomato and Postn(2A-CreERT2-wpre-pA)1;Rosa26-DTA mice. scRNA-seq, Elisa assay, Western blotting, Q-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to identify the cells and cell-cell communications of allograft heart. Cell depletion was applied to in vivo and in vitro experiments. Whole-mount staining and three-dimensional reconstruction depicted the cell distribution within transparent transplanted heart. Results: Genetic lineage tracing mice and scRNA-seq analysis have revealed that these newly formed lymphatic vessels mainly originate from recipient LYVE1+ cells. It was found that LECs primarily interact with activated fibroblasts. Inhibition of lymphatic vessel formation using a VEGFR3 inhibitor resulted in a decreased survival time of transplanted hearts. Furthermore, when activated fibroblasts were ablated in transplanted hearts, there was a significant suppression of lymphatic vessel generation, leading to earlier graft failure. Additional investigations have shown that activated fibroblasts promote tube formation of LECs primarily through the activation of various signaling pathways, including VEGFD/VEGFR3, MDK/NCL, and SEMA3C/NRP2. Interestingly, knockdown of VEGFD and MDK in activated fibroblasts impaired cardiac lymphangiogenesis after heart transplantation. Conclusions: Our study indicates that cardiac lymphangiogenesis primarily originates from recipient cells, and activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in facilitating the generation of lymphatic vessels after heart transplantation. These findings provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for enhancing graft survival.


Subject(s)
Lymphangiogenesis , Lymphatic Vessels , Red Fluorescent Protein , Mice , Animals , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Heart
6.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(11): 5983-5992, 2024 Mar 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38456397

ABSTRACT

Structural modification of natural products is an effective approach for improving antifungal activity and has, therefore, been used extensively in the development of new agrochemical products. In this work, a series of novel coumarin derivatives containing oxime ether structures were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antifungal activity. Some of the designed compounds exhibited promising antifungal activities against tested fungi, and compounds 4a, 4c, 5a, and 6b had EC50 values equivalent to those of commercial fungicides. Compound 6b was the most promising candidate fungicide against Rhizoctonia solani (EC50 = 0.46 µg/mL). In vivo antifungal bioassays suggested that compounds 5a and 6b could serve as novel agricultural antifungals. Furthermore, microscopy demonstrated that compound 6b induced the sprawling growth of hyphae, distorted the outline of cell walls, and reduced mitochondrial numbers. Additionally, the effects of the substituent steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bond fields were elucidated using an accurate and reliable three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model. The results presented here will guide the discovery of potential novel fungicides for plant disease control in agriculture.


Subject(s)
Antifungal Agents , Fungicides, Industrial , Antifungal Agents/chemistry , Fungicides, Industrial/chemistry , Ether , Coumarins/pharmacology , Oximes/pharmacology , Ethyl Ethers , Ethers/pharmacology , Structure-Activity Relationship
7.
World J Gastrointest Oncol ; 16(2): 527-542, 2024 Feb 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38425409

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of studies have focused on the role of cellular metabolism in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, no work is currently available to synthesize the field through bibliometrics. AIM: To analyze the development in the field of "glucose metabolism" (GM), "amino acid metabolism" (AM), "lipid metabolism" (LM), and "nucleotide metabolism" (NM) in CRC by visualization. METHODS: Articles within the abovementioned areas of GM, AM, LM and NM in CRC, which were published from January 1, 1991, to December 31, 2022, are retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed by CiteSpace 6.2.R4 and VOSviewer 1.6.19. RESULTS: The field of LM in CRC presented the largest number of annual publications and the fastest increase in the last decade compared with the other three fields. Meanwhile, China and the United States were two of the most prominent contributors in these four areas. In addition, Gang Wang, Wei Jia, Maria Notarnicola, and Cornelia Ulrich ranked first in publication numbers, while Jing-Yuan Fang, Senji Hirasawa, Wei Jia, and Charles Fuchs were the most cited authors on average in these four fields, respectively. "Gut microbiota" and "epithelial-mesenchymal transition" emerged as the newest burst words in GM, "gut microbiota" was the latest outburst word in AM, "metastasis", "tumor microenvironment", "fatty acid metabolism", and "metabolic reprogramming" were the up-to-date outbreaking words in LM, while "epithelial-mesenchymal transition" and "apoptosis" were the most recently occurring words in NM. CONCLUSION: Research in "cellular metabolism in CRC" is all the rage at the moment, and researchers are particularly interested in exploring the mechanism to explain the metabolic alterations in CRC. Targeting metabolic vulnerability appears to be a promising direction in CRC therapy.

8.
J Transl Med ; 22(1): 160, 2024 Feb 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38365769

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Telomere length has long been recognized as a valuable biomarker of aging and is inversely correlated with chronological age. Various lifestyle factors have been implicated in telomere shortening or preservation; however, the association between lifestyle factors and telomere length remains controversial. To address this issue, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the potential causal associations between multiple lifestyle factors and telomere length. METHODS: Independent genetic variants strongly associated with lifestyle factors (tobacco smoking, sleep duration, insomnia, and physical activity) were selected as instrumental variables from corresponding genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Summary-level data for telomere length was obtained from a GWAS comprising 472,174 European ancestries. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed to assess the relationships. RESULTS: The genetic liability to lifetime smoking was robustly associated with shorter telomere length (odd ratio [OR]: 0.882; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.847-0.918). Genetically predicted insomnia was also linked to shorter telomere length (OR: 0.972; 95% CI: 0.959-0.985), while no significant association was observed between sleep duration and telomere length. Furthermore, a suggestive association was found between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and longer telomere length (OR: 1.680; 95% CI: 1.115-2.531). In multivariable MR analyses, adjusting for potential mediators such as body mass index, type 2 diabetes, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorder, the associations of lifetime smoking and insomnia with telomere length remained robust. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that smoking and insomnia may contribute to telomere shortening, while physical activity may play a role in telomere length maintenance. These findings underscore the importance of managing positive risk factors and adopting a healthy lifestyle to promote telomere health.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Humans , Genome-Wide Association Study , Mendelian Randomization Analysis , Telomere/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
9.
Org Lett ; 26(5): 1040-1045, 2024 Feb 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38295348

ABSTRACT

An N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed atroposelective macrolactonization has been disclosed. This approach affords planar-chiral macrocycles in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities over a broad substrate scope. Controlled experiments suggest that the enantioselectivity might arise from the cation-n interaction between the acyl azolium and the electron-rich moiety in the substrate. This mechanism is supported by density functional theory calculations, which also suggest an important π-π interaction in stabilizing the transition state.

10.
Cell Death Differ ; 31(1): 65-77, 2024 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38007551

ABSTRACT

Mitochondrial malic enzyme 2 (ME2), which catalyzes the conversion of malate to pyruvate, is frequently upregulated during tumorigenesis and is a potential target for cancer therapy. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying ME2 activity is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that ME2 is highly expressed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, and that ME2 knockdown inhibits the proliferation of CRC cells. Furthermore, we reveal that ME2 is succinylated and identify Sirtuins 5 (SIRT5) as an ME2 desuccinylase. Glutamine deprivation directly enhances the interaction of SIRT5 with ME2 and thus promotes SIRT5-mediated desuccinylation of ME2 at lysine 346, activating ME2 enzymatic activity. Activated ME2 significantly enhances mitochondrial respiration, thereby counteracting the effects of glutamine deprivation and supporting cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Additionally, the levels of succinylated ME2 at K346 and SIRT5 in CRC tissues, which are negatively correlated, are associated with patient prognosis. These observations suggest that SIRT5-catalyzed ME2 desuccinylation is a key signaling event through which cancer cells maintain mitochondrial respiration and promote CRC progression under glutamine deficiency conditions, offering the possibility of targeting SIRT5-mediated ME2 desuccinylation for CRC treatment.


Subject(s)
Glutamine , Sirtuins , Humans , Cell Proliferation , Mitochondria , Carcinogenesis , Respiration , Sirtuins/genetics
11.
J Affect Disord ; 347: 406-413, 2024 02 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37992774

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are significant contributors to global disability and mortality. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, emerging evidence has suggested that mental health plays a critical role as a risk factor for CVDs. The present study aimed to determine the associations between mood instability and CVDs using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS: As instrumental variables, we used 62 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with mood instability at the genome-wide significance threshold in the UK Biobank. Summary-level data for seven CVDs were obtained from the publicly available genome-wide association studies. The estimates were pooled by using a random-effects inverse-variance weighted method. The results were further validated in sensitivity analysis where different MR methods were compared. RESULTS: After correcting for multiple testing, our analysis revealed that genetic liability to mood instability was associated with increased odds of six cardiovascular diseases, including deep vein thrombosis (odds ratio (OR) 1.21; confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.42), pulmonary embolism (OR 1.42; 95 % CI 1.09-1.85), heart failure (OR 1.20; 95 % CI 1.09-1.32), arterial hypertension (OR 1.22; 95 % CI 1.11-1.34), myocardial infarction (OR 1.25; 95 % CI 1.11-1.40), and coronary artery disease (OR 1.25; 95 % CI 1.13-1.39). Further, the genetic liability to mood instability was associated with HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, smoking, and depression. In multivariable MR models, the association between genetic liability to mood instability and CVDs remained independent from those cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION: The present MR study suggests potential causal associations of genetic liability to mood instability with increased risk of a broad range of CVDs.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Coronary Artery Disease , Hypertension , Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics , Genome-Wide Association Study , Mendelian Randomization Analysis , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
12.
Cell Mol Life Sci ; 80(10): 300, 2023 Sep 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37740736

ABSTRACT

AIMS: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present in the heart cannot differentiate into cardiomyocytes, but may play a role in pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to scrutinise the role and mechanism of MSC differentiation in vivo during heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of total non-cardiomyocytes from murine and adult human hearts. By analysing the transcriptomes of single cells, we illustrated the dynamics of the cell landscape during the progression of heart hypertrophy, including those of stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1)+ stem/progenitor cells and fibroblasts. By combining genetic lineage tracing and bone marrow transplantation models, we demonstrated that non-bone marrow-derived Sca1+ cells give rise to fibroblasts. Interestingly, partial depletion of Sca1+ cells alleviated the severity of myocardial fibrosis and led to a significant improvement in cardiac function in Sca1-CreERT2;Rosa26-eGFP-DTA mice. Similar non-cardiomyocyte cell composition and heterogeneity were observed in human patients with heart failure. Mechanistically, our study revealed that Sca1+ cells can transform into fibroblasts and affect the severity of fibrosis through the Wnt4-Pdgfra pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Our study describes the cellular landscape of hypertrophic hearts and reveals that fibroblasts derived from Sca1+ cells with a non-bone marrow source largely account for cardiac fibrosis. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and have potential therapeutic implications for heart failure. Non-bone marrow-derived Sca1+ cells differentiate into fibroblasts involved in cardiac fibrosis via Wnt4-PDGFRα pathway.

13.
J Med Chem ; 66(18): 13319-13331, 2023 Sep 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37706450

ABSTRACT

The HIV-1 epidemic has significant social and economic implications for public health. Developing new antivirus drugs to eradicate drug resistance is still urgently needed. Herein, we demonstrated that sulfonyl-γ-AApeptides could be designed to mimic MTSC22EK, one potent HIV fusion inhibitor derived from CHR. The best two sequences revealed comparable activity to MTSC22EK in an authentic HIV-1 infection assay and exhibited broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 activity to many HIV-1 clinical isolates. Furthermore, sulfonyl-γ-AApeptides show remarkable resistance to proteolysis and favorable permeability in PAMPA-GIT and PAMPA-BBB assays, suggesting that both sequences could control HIV-1 within the central nervous system and possess promising oral bioavailability. Mechanistic investigations suggest that these sulfonyl-γ-AApeptides function by mimicking the CHR of gp41 and tightly bind with NHR, thereby inhibiting the formation of the 6-HB structure necessary for HIV-1 fusion. Overall, our results suggest that sulfonyl-γ-AApeptides represent a new generation of anti-HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. Moreover, this design strategy could be adopted to modulate many of the PPIs.

14.
J Heart Lung Transplant ; 42(12): 1651-1665, 2023 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37634574

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Endothelium dysfunction is a central problem for early rejection due to the host alloimmune response and the late status of arteriosclerosis in heart transplantation. However, reliable pieces of evidence are still limited concerning the source of the regenerated endothelium within the transplanted heart. METHODS: We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data and constructed an inducible lineage tracing mouse, combined heart transplantation with bone marrow transplantation and a parabiosis model, cellular components, and endothelial cell populations in cardiac graft lesions. RESULTS: Our single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of a transplanted heart allowed for the establishment of an endothelial cell atlas with a heterogeneous population, including arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic endothelial cells. Along with genetic cell lineage tracing, we demonstrated that the donor cells were mostly replaced by recipient cells in the cardiac allograft, up to 83.29% 2 weeks after transplantation. Furthermore, recipient nonbone marrow CD34+ endothelial progenitors contributed significantly to extracellular matrix organization and immune regulation, with higher apoptotic ability in the transplanted hearts. Mechanistically, peripheral blood-derived human endothelial progenitor cells differentiate into endocardial cells via Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-mediated pathways. Host circulating CD34+ endothelial progenitors could repair the damaged donor endothelium presumably through CCL3-CCR5 chemotaxis. Partial depletion of host CD34+ cells resulted in delayed endothelial regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: We created an annotated fate map of endothelial cells in cardiac allografts, indicating how recipient CD34+ cells could replace the donor endothelium via chemokine CCL3-CCR5 interactions. The mechanisms we discovered could have a potential therapeutic effect on the long-term outcomes of heart transplantation.


Subject(s)
Heart Transplantation , Mice , Humans , Animals , Endothelial Cells , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Tissue Donors , Endothelium , Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
15.
Front Cardiovasc Med ; 10: 1169524, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37621564

ABSTRACT

The K-Clip™ system is emerging as an alternative to correct tricuspid regurgitation (TR) for patients with high surgical risk. However, patients with recurrent severe tricuspid regurgitation after prior Kay's annuloplasty are not generally deemed to be candidates for K-Clip™ implantation. Herein, we report a case of a 63-year-old woman with recurrent symptomatic torrential tricuspid regurgitation 5 years after double valve replacement with Kay's annuloplasty of the tricuspid valve. The K-Clip™ was successfully implanted, and the severity of tricuspid regurgitation and dimensions of tricuspid annulus achieved significant reduction. In conclusion, K-Clip™ can still be feasible and effective for patients with prior Kay's annuloplasty. However, indications become more rigorous, and evaluation should be more comprehensive.

16.
J Biol Chem ; 299(9): 105090, 2023 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37507016

ABSTRACT

Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is crucial in sustaining rapid proliferation and survival of cancer cells. The folate cycle depends on a series of key cellular enzymes, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L2 (ALDH1L2) that is usually overexpressed in cancer cells, but the regulatory mechanism of ALDH1L2 remains undefined. In this study, we observed the significant overexpression of ALDH1L2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, which is associated with poor prognosis. Mechanistically, we identified that the acetylation of ALDH1L2 at the K70 site is an important regulatory mechanism inhibiting the enzymatic activity of ALDH1L2 and disturbing cellular redox balance. Moreover, we revealed that sirtuins 3 (SIRT3) directly binds and deacetylates ALDH1L2 to increase its activity. Interestingly, the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) inhibits the expression of SIRT3 and increases the acetylation levels of ALDH1L2 in colorectal cancer cells. 5-Fu-induced ALDH1L2 acetylation sufficiently inhibits its enzymatic activity and the production of NADPH and GSH, thereby leading to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and suppressing tumor growth in mice. Furthermore, the K70Q mutant of ALDH1L2 sensitizes cancer cells to 5-Fu both in vitro and in vivo through perturbing cellular redox and serine metabolism. Our findings reveal an unknown 5-Fu-SIRT3-ALDH1L2 axis regulating redox homeostasis, and suggest that targeting ALDH1L2 is a promising therapeutic strategy to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents.


Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Fluorouracil , Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors , Animals , Mice , Acetylation , Cell Line, Tumor , Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics , Fluorouracil/pharmacology , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Folic Acid/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Sirtuin 3/metabolism , Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors/genetics , Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Up-Regulation , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Apoptosis/drug effects , Mutation
17.
Bioelectrochemistry ; 154: 108502, 2023 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37453203

ABSTRACT

PFA uses short-duration, high-voltage electrical pulses to induce transient or irreversible electroporation on cell membranes, causing cell death. Selective inhibition of chaotic electrical signals in morbid cardiomyocytes significantly aids the treatment of atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and other heart arrhythmias. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have only investigated physical changes, such as lesion size and myocardial scar. Compared to radiofrequency ablation and cryoballoon ablation, PFA causes less postoperative myocardial cell fibrosis and inflammatory reaction and does not result in myocardial necrosis or tissue scar formation. However, the regulatory mechanism of cellular stress following PFA treatment remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze the transcriptome of the mouse ventricle after PFA treatment. The animals were subjected to a 225-V electric pulse with a 1.5-mm gap between the positive and negative electrodes. Hearts were harvested at 3, 6, 12, 24 h, and 2, 5 days for myocardial zymogram testing. PFA-treated ventricular regions were selected for single-nucleus sequencing. We discovered that PFA remodeled the cardiac microenvironment as a whole. Further, we discussed the possible stress response and wound-healing mechanism in non-targeted cells. In conclusion, PFA allowed effective and selective ventricular myocardium ablation with controllable inflammation.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Catheter Ablation , Animals , Mice , Cicatrix/surgery , Heart , Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Myocardium
18.
Brain Behav Immun ; 112: 175-187, 2023 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37301236

ABSTRACT

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play multifaceted roles in regulating brain gene networks. LncRNA abnormalities are thought to underlie the complex etiology of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. One example is the human lncRNA gene GOMAFU, which is found dysregulated in schizophrenia (SCZ) postmortem brains and harbors genetic variants that contribute to the risk of SCZ. However, transcriptome-wide biological pathways regulated by GOMAFU have not been determined. How GOMAFU dysregulation contributes to SCZ pathogenesis remains elusive. Here we report that GOMAFU is a novel suppressor of human neuronal interferon (IFN) response pathways that are hyperactive in the postmortem SCZ brains. We analyzed recently released transcriptomic profiling datasets in clinically relevant brain areas derived from multiple SCZ cohorts and found brain region-specific dysregulation of GOMAFU. Using CRISPR-Cas9 to delete the GOMAFU promoter in a human neural progenitor cell model, we identified transcriptomic alterations caused by GOMAFU deficiency in pathways commonly affected in postmortem brains of SCZ and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with the most striking effects on upregulation of numerous genes underlying IFN signaling. In addition, expression levels of GOMAFU target genes in the IFN pathway are differentially affected in SCZ brain regions and negatively associated with GOMAFU alterations. Furthermore, acute exposure to IFN-γ causes a rapid decline of GOMAFU and activation of a subclass of GOMAFU targets in stress and immune response pathways that are affected in SCZ brains, which form a highly interactive molecular network. Together, our studies unveiled the first evidence of lncRNA-governed neuronal response pathways to IFN challenge and suggest that GOMAFU dysregulation may mediate environmental risks and contribute to etiological neuroinflammatory responses by brain neurons of neuropsychiatric diseases.


Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , RNA, Long Noncoding , Humans , Autism Spectrum Disorder/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Interferons , Neurons/metabolism , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
19.
ACS Med Chem Lett ; 14(6): 719-726, 2023 Jun 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37312839

ABSTRACT

Lysosome targeting chimeras (LYTACs) are a new protein degradation strategy that has recently emerged. LYTACs utilize the native cell internalization process in the body to target and degrade therapeutically relevant extracellular proteins via the lysosomal pathways. The first lysosomal internalization receptor recently used for LYTACs is the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR). M6PR is expressed across most cell types, making it ideal for internalization and degradation of numerous extracellular proteins. Herein, we report the development of a series of structurally well-defined mannose-6-phosphonate (M6Pn)-peptide conjugates that are capable of linking to a variety of targeting ligands for proteins of interest and successfully internalizing and degrading those proteins through M6PR. This will greatly facilitate the development of M6Pn based LYTACs for therapeutic applications.

20.
Am J Cardiol ; 198: 92-94, 2023 07 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37198074

ABSTRACT

Acute bioprosthetic valve thrombosis (BPVT) is considered a rare complication and has seldom been described. Moreover, acute intraoperative BPVT is exceedingly rare, and its management remains a major clinical challenge. Here, we report a case of acute intraoperative BPVT that occurred immediately after protamine administration. Major resolution of the thrombus and significant improvement of bioprosthetic function were observed after the resumption of cardiopulmonary bypass support for approximately 1 hour. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography is important for a prompt diagnosis. Our case describes the spontaneous resolution of BPVT after reheparinization, which might assist in the management of acute intraoperative BPVT.


Subject(s)
Bioprosthesis , Heart Valve Prosthesis , Thrombosis , Humans , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Protamines/adverse effects , Bioprosthesis/adverse effects , Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Thrombosis/drug therapy , Thrombosis/etiology , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/adverse effects
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