ABSTRACT
Clearance calculations based on single sample determinations from 51Cr-EDTA samples 180 min after giving radioisotope showed a correlation coefficient of 0.992 to clearance calculations after multiple sampling of 51Cr-EDTA. The range of clearance determinations in 108 patients varied from 4 to 141 ml/min, 1.73 m2 BA. Twenty patients had clearance values below 20 ml/min, 1.73 m2 BA. Clearance calculations from single samples of iohexol from 180 min values showed a correlation coefficient of 0.986 to clearance calculations after multiple sampling of 51Cr-EDTA. These calculations were based on samples from 122 patients with clearance values varying from 4 to 139 ml/min, 1.73 m2 BA. No adverse reactions were registered during the study. This study confirms the reliability of single sample methods for clearance calculations at all levels of renal function.
Subject(s)
Chromium Radioisotopes , Contrast Media , Edetic Acid , Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology , Iohexol , Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis , Adult , Female , Gamma Cameras , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Male , Reference Values , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
The serum level of prostatic acid phosphatase was measured before and after diagnostic rectal palpation in 24 patients with a clinically normal prostate and in 32 patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate. There was a significant rise in the 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. All of the values had returned to the original level after 24 h. Similar results were obtained with either a spectrophotometric method or a radioimmunoassay.
Subject(s)
Acid Phosphatase/blood , Isoenzymes/blood , Palpation , Prostatic Hyperplasia/enzymology , Adult , Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prostate/enzymology , Prostatic Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Radioimmunoassay , Rectum , Spectrophotometry , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A long-time follow-up of 43 patients with minor or intermediate degree blunt renal injuries is presented. A low incidence of complications, including hypertonia, calculi, and infections, was noted, but in three patients, the function of the injured kidney was affected, and two of these also had structural abnormalities as demonstrated by urography. It is recommended that the follow-up of patients with blunt renal injuries should include both urography and renography.
Subject(s)
Kidney/injuries , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Urography , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Clearance of sodium iothalamate was estimated from plasma elimination curves obtained from 90 patients having varying renal function, after a single intravenous injection of 125I-sodium iothalamate. The usefulness of sodium iothalamate as a GFR-indicator with this technique was tested by a strict statistical comparison with conventional inulin clearance as a reference. The regression line, covering the clearance range 2-163 ml min-1, Clinulin = 1.08.Clsodiumiothalamate-3.7, (n = 84, r = 0.85, SEE = 2.3 ml.min-1) was not significantly different from the identity line, which means (i) that extrarenal elimination could not be detected, and (ii) that I125-sodium iothalamate should be regarded as a useful glomerular marker for single intravenous injection studies. An open two-compartment model of mamillary type was found to give an adequate representation of the plasma disappearance curve. The results are not critically dependent on the choice of approximating function. The method by Sapirstein et al., the method by Nosslin and a power-law method were used for comparison and were found to give the same results. However, the present type of curve fitting analyses requires frequent blood sampling or external counting over a long period in order to give reliable estimates of GFR. This circumstance makes these methods less attractive for clinical use.
Subject(s)
Glomerular Filtration Rate , Iodine Radioisotopes , Iothalamic Acid , Adult , Dye Dilution Technique , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Inulin , Models, BiologicalABSTRACT
A simple method is presented for indirect estimation of the glomerular filtration rate from two venous blood samples, drawn after a single injection of a small dose of [125I]sodium iothalamate (10 muCi). The method does not require exact dosage, as the first sample, taken a few minutes (t = 5 min) after injection, is used to normalize the value of the second sample, which should be taken in between 2-4 h after injection. The glomerular filtration rate, as measured by standard inulin clearance, may then be predicted from the logarithm of the normalized value and linear regression formulas with a standard error of estimate of the order 1-2 ml/min/1.73 m2. The slope-intercept method for direct estimation of glomerular filtration rate is also evaluated and found to significantly underestimate standard inulin clearance. The normalized 'single-point' method is concluded to be superior to the slope-intercept method and more sophisticated methods using curve fitting technique, with regard to predictive force and clinical applicability.
