ABSTRACT
Soft tissue injuries to the head and neck are a common occurrence in sports. These anatomical regions are somewhat predisposed because of the "athletic stance" that is utilized in many close-contact sports. Although appropriate use of protective equipment, including mouth guards, helmets, and face shields, has reduced the incidence and severity of these injuries, they still occur regularly. To provide appropriate medical care, one must possess adequate knowledge of the superficial and deep anatomical structures, fundamental knowledge and skill in regard to wound care, and awareness of potential poor outcomes related to lacerations of unique structures, such as the mouth, eye, or ear.
Subject(s)
Athletic Injuries/diagnosis , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis , Facial Injuries/diagnosis , Lacerations/diagnosis , Neck Injuries/diagnosis , Athletic Injuries/therapy , Craniocerebral Trauma/therapy , Facial Injuries/therapy , Humans , Lacerations/therapy , Neck Injuries/therapy , Return to SportABSTRACT
Injuries resulting from facial trauma are common in all sports. Athlete-to-athlete contact, falls, and blows from equipment account for the majority of these events. Appropriate knowledge of basic science, relevant anatomy, and clinical skills is required to provide the correct medical care. While true medical emergencies are infrequent, a prompt accurate diagnosis is essential in developing targeted management and return to play options.
Subject(s)
Athletic Injuries/diagnosis , Epistaxis/diagnosis , Fractures, Bone/diagnosis , Lacerations/diagnosis , Maxillofacial Injuries/diagnosis , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Athletic Injuries/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Epistaxis/therapy , Evidence-Based Medicine , Fractures, Bone/therapy , Humans , Lacerations/therapy , Maxillofacial Injuries/therapy , Multiple Trauma/diagnosis , Physical Examination/methods , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting both the upper and lower motor neurons. Given the deterioration of skeletal muscle function, historically there has been concern regarding exercise and its affect on ALS. This article reviews and explains current research, helping patients, caregivers, and providers be equipped better to make decisions regarding the treatment of ALS with exercise.
