Multicenter Study on the Frequency of Low Bone Mineral Density in Young Women With Breast Cancer and Associated Factors.

INTRODUCTION: Young women with breast cancer (BC) may experience bone mineral density (BMD) loss secondary to cancer treatment effects on estrogen levels. Studies assessing BMD in BC patients have had a limited representation of young women. This multicenter retrospective study analyzed the frequency of low BMD and associated factors in this age group. METHODS: Women diagnosed with stage 0-III BC at ≤40 years, treated with chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy between 2010 and 2020 at 5 Mexican BC referral centers were eligible. Demographic, clinical and treatment data were collected, as well as bone dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) results. Low BMD was defined as lumbar or femoral neck T-score < -1.0 or Z-score ≤ -2.0. RESULTS: A total of 1259 patients were included; median age at diagnosis was 36 years (21-40). Overall, 93% received chemotherapy and 65% endocrine therapy (tamoxifen was received at some point by 61%, aromatase inhibitors by 17%, and GnRH agonists/bilateral oophorectomy by 21%). DEXA scans were documented in 254 (20%), of which 163 (64%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 58%-70%) had a low BMD report. Low BMD was associated with receiving aromatase inhibitors (Odds ratio [OR] 1.92; 95% CI 1.13-3.24), and GnRH agonists/bilateral oophorectomy (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.21-4.21). CONCLUSION: The suboptimal frequency of BMD monitoring observed displays an alarming disregard for bone health in young patients. Thus, a high proportion of women with low BMD are potentially being missed and precluded from the opportunity to receive timely interventions. Particular focus should be put on BMD monitoring among patients treated with aromatase inhibitors, GnRH agonists or bilateral oophorectomy.

Application of chemoresistive gas sensors and chemometric analysis to differentiate the fingerprints of global volatile organic compounds from diseases. Preliminary results of COPD, lung cancer and breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath has been proposed as a screening method that discriminates between disease and healthy subjects, few studies evaluate whether these chemical fingerprints are specific when compared between diseases. We evaluated global VOCs and their discrimination capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, breast cancer and healthy subjects by chemoresistive sensors and chemometric analysis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 30 patients with lung cancer, 50 with breast cancer, 50 with COPD and 50 control subjects. Each participant's exhaled breath was analyzed with the electronic nose. A multivariate analysis was carried: principal component analysis (PCA) and, canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP). Twenty single-blind samples from the 4 study groups were evaluated by CAP. RESULTS: A separation between the groups of patients to the controls was achieved through PCA with explanations of >90% of the data and with a correct classification of 100%. In the CAP of the 4 study groups, discrimination between the diseases was obtained with 2 canonical axes with a correct general classification of 91.35%. This model was used for the prediction of the single-blind samples resulting in correct classification of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The application of chemoresistive gas sensors and chemometric analysis can be used as a useful tool for a screening test for lung cancer, breast cancer and COPD since this equipment detects the set of VOCs present in the exhaled breath to generate a characteristic chemical fingerprint of each disease.

Intracystic Papillary Breast Cancer in a 16-Year-Old Patient.

BACKGROUND: Primary breast cancer in the pediatric population is rare. To our knowledge, no cases of intracystic papillary carcinoma have been reported in patients younger than 21 years. CASE: A 16-year-old patient presented with a retroareolar mass and bloody nipple discharge in her left breast. A biopsy established papillary intracystic carcinoma. The patient was treated surgically and a risk reduction strategy developed in a multidisciplinary session was implemented.

Identification of profiles of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath by means of an electronic nose as a proposal for a screening method for breast cancer: a case-control study.

The objective of the present study was to identify volatile prints from exhaled breath, termed breath-print, from breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy women by means of an electronic nose and to evaluate its potential use as a screening method. A cross-sectional study was performed on 443 exhaled breath samples from women, of whom 262 had been diagnosed with BC by biopsy and 181 were healthy women (control group). Breath-print analysis was performed utilizing the Cyranose 320 electronic nose. Group data were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA), and support vector machine (SVM), and the test's diagnostic power was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The results obtained using the model generated from the CDA, which best describes the behavior of the assessed groups, indicated that the breath-print of BC patients was different from that of healthy women and that they presented with a variability of up to 98.8% and a correct classification of 98%. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value reached 100% according to the ROC curve. The present study demonstrates the capability of the electronic nose to separate between healthy subjects and BC patients. This research could have a beneficial impact on clinical practice as we consider that this test could probably be used at the first point before the application of established gold tests (mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy) and substantially improve screening tests in the general population.

Asociación entre telorragia y cáncer de mama en una unidad médica de alta concentración / Association between telorragia and breast cancer in a high concentration medical unit

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación entre telorragia y cáncer de mama en población mexicana atendida en una unidad médica de alta concentración. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico efectuado en pacientes con telorragia atendidas entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2016 en la Fundación de Cáncer de Mama (FUCAM). Se efectuó el cálculo de proporciones y un subanálisis "tipo nodo" entre telorragia más nódulo versus telorragia sola, mediante χ2, riesgo relativo e intervalo de confianza al 95% con el paquete estadístico SPSS 23.0. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 169 pacientes, 42 de ellas con diagnóstico definitivo de cáncer de mama. La telorragia se asoció en 24.8% con cáncer, y cuando estuvo asociada con un nódulo la probabilidad de malignidad fue de 63%. Al comparar los subgrupos: telorragia más nódulo vs telorragia sola, se encontró una razón de momios de 4.2 para el primer grupo (IC95%: 2.5-6.8; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio demostró que la probabilidad de malignidad en los casos de telorragia sola en población mexicana, en un hospital de referencia, se encuentra en el límite alto en relación con el histórico mundial, y cuando se asocia con un nódulo la probabilidad es significativamente mayor.

Absract OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between telorragia and breast cancer in a Mexican population in a highly concentrated Medical Unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective, analytical study in patients with telorragia treated at FUCAM from January 2007 to December 2016. Proportion calculation and a "node type" sub-analysis were carried out, between telorragia plus nodule versus telorragia alone, by means of χ2, relative risk, and 95% confidence interval with statistical package SPSS 23.0. RESULTS: 169 patients were studied, 42 of them presented a definitive diagnosis of breast cancer. The telorragia was associated in 24.8% to cancer, and when it was associated with nodule the probability of malignancy was 63%. When comparing the subgroups with more nodule vs telorrhagia alone, an OR of 4.2 was found for the first group (95% CI 2.5-6.8, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the probability of malignancy in cases of telorrhagia alone in the Mexican population in a referral hospital is in the high range in relation to the historical world, and is associated with a nodule, the probability is significantly higher.