A modified method of augmented distal clavicle fracture osteosynthesis with a Fibertape coracoclavicular cerclage.

BACKGROUND: Unstable distal clavicles experience high non-union rates, prompting surgeons to recommend surgery for more predictable outcomes. There is a lack of consensus on the optimal method of surgical fixation, with an array of techniques described in the literature. We describe an alternative method of fixation involving the use of a distal clavicular anatomical locking plate with Fibertape cerclage augmentation in our series of patients. METHODS: Nine patients (8 males and 1 female), with a mean age of 36 years, who sustained unstable fracture of the distal clavicle in our institution were treated with our described technique. Postoperative range of motion, functional and pain scores, and time to radiographic union were measured over a mean follow-up period of 10 months. Incidences of postoperative complications were also recorded. RESULTS: At the last patient consult, the mean visual analog scale score was 0.88±0.35, with a mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score of 1.46±0.87 and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score of 94.1±3.57. The mean range of motion achieved was forward flexion at 173°±10.6°, abduction at 173°±10.6°, and external rotation at 74.4°±10.5°. All patients achieved internal rotation at a vertebral height of at least L2 with radiographical union at a mean of 10 weeks. No removal of implants was required. CONCLUSIONS: Our described technique of augmented fixation of the distal clavicle is effective, produces good clinical outcomes, and has minimal complications.

Short-term comparative outcomes between reverse shoulder arthroplasty for shoulder trauma and shoulder arthritis: a Southeast Asian experience.

BACKGROUND: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), first introduced as a management option for cuff tear arthropathy, is now an accepted treatment for complex proximal humeral fractures. Few studies have identified whether the outcomes of RSA for shoulder trauma are comparable to those of RSA for shoulder arthritis. METHODS: This is a retrospective, single-institution cohort study of all patients who underwent RSA at our institution between January 2013 and December 2019. In total, 49 patients met the inclusion criteria. As outcomes, we evaluated the 1-year American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and Constant shoulder scores, postoperative shoulder range of motion, intra- and postoperative complications, and cumulative revision rate. The patients were grouped based on preoperative diagnosis to compare postoperative outcomes across two broad groups. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 32.8 months (interquartile range, 12.6-66.6 months). The 1-year visual analog scale, range of motion, and Constant and ASES functional scores were comparable between RSAs performed to treat shoulder trauma and that performed for arthritis. The overall complication rate was 20.4%, with patients with a preoperative diagnosis of arthritis having significantly more complications than those with a preoperative diagnosis of trauma (34.8% vs. 7.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients who underwent RSA due to a proximal humeral fracture or dislocation did not fare worse than those who underwent RSA for arthritis at 1 year, in terms of both functional and radiological outcomes.

An interventional study with the Maldives generalist teachers in primary school physical education: An application of self-determination theory.

In Maldives' primary schools, physical education (PE) is mainly taught by generalist classroom teachers who often lack knowledge and confidence to teach PE. Also, PE programs in primary schools are affected by a perceived lack of infrastructure, resources and equipment. Children in primary schools are allocated one 35 minute period of PE per week. Researchers have previously investigated interventions implemented by specialist PE teachers to enhance the motivation of secondary school students in PE classes. However, limited research has been conducted with generalist teachers' implementing PE intervention with primary school children. In this study we applied self-determination theory to investigate the effects of a professional learning program and an associated resource support package, that was then delivered by the Maldives generalist teachers' delivering PE. The participants were 30 primary school teachers (control group, n = 15; intervention group, n = 15), and their 725 primary school students aged 9-12 years (mean age of 10.5 years). The teachers in the group undertook eight hours of professional learning that focused on strategies and behaviours to support student satisfaction for the three main elements of self-determination theory: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. A repeated measure ANCOVA was carried out for each of the dependent variables. Overall results when compared to pre-intervention measures, the students of teachers in the intervention group significantly increased their post-intervention perceptions for autonomy, competence, and relatedness; and, increased their psychological need satisfaction. Moreover, intervention-students in the post-intervention phase reported reduced need frustration for autonomy, competence, and relatedness; and, experienced higher levels of self-efficacy, enjoyment and engagement. We contend that these results accentuate the usefulness of professional learning programs for generalist teachers delivering PE to promote students' psychological need satisfaction, whilst reducing thwarting behaviours to enhance students' self-determined motivation toward PE classes. The intervention program significantly enhanced the students' perceived need support, and autonomous motivation, it also reduced teachers' need frustrating behaviours within PE classes. Facilitating teachers to provide more moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological need support could reduce the rate of non-communicable diseases that are currently prevalent in the Maldives.

English-Learning Motivation among Chinese Mature Learners: A Comparative Study of English and Non-English Majors.

This study examined the motivation of Chinese mature students toward learning English. The participants in the study were ten Chinese mature learners, of whom four were English majors and six were non-English majors. Each underwent a semi-structured interview. Their responses were then coded and analyzed based on Matsuzaka-Carreira's motivation framework. Furthermore, the Keyword Extraction and Link Terms techniques of PolyAnalystTM were used for further analysis. The results showed that English majors tended to be goal-oriented, and non-English majors were more likely to be means-oriented. English majors were identified as having additional integrative motivation. The factors influencing the motivation of English majors were more diverse than those influencing their non-English major counterparts. The obvious distinction between the two groups was their attitude towards the target language and culture. These findings suggest that instruction for adults should be aligned with mature learners' practical needs and individual characteristics.

Effects of goal orientation on environment management in technology-based physics learning.

The purpose of the current study is to propose and examine a comprehensive model that uses motivational and self-regulated variables to explain factors affecting environment management in technology-based physics learning among Chinese secondary school students. Data were collected from 726 grade-eight secondary school students in Southeast China, who were learning physics. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among students' goal orientations, environment management, and time management. Results suggest that students were more likely to manage their environment if they had learning-oriented goals and if they managed their time, but they were less likely to do so if they had social-oriented goals. Implications for teachers' technology integration in physics class were discussed.

Validation of a simplified Chinese version of the 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ-S).

This paper reports on the development of a shortened version of the 3 × 2 achievement goal questionnaire, a psychometrically sound, theoretically driven, self-report measure. The shortened version (AGQ-S) which contains 12 items and six subscales improves on the original version in three ways: It eliminates the redundant frequency scale, simplifies the scoring of the subscales, and reduces overlap across subscales. The reliability and validity of the AGQ-S were examined within 177 undergraduates from mainland China (46.3% females, mean age = 20.53; SD = 1.31); 158 undergraduates from Macau (61.9% females; mean age = 20.64; SD = 1.67), and 348 5th-graders from mainland China (54.0% females; mean age = 11.56; SD = 0.59), respectively. Confirmatory factor analyses showed acceptable fits of the data for the 12-item model in both studies (χ2/df ranged from 1.24 to 1.70; CFI, IFI, and TLI were all above 0.97). Thus, the scores of the Chinese version of the AGQ-S were found to be valid and reliable. The short form was deemed sufficient for psychological research contexts with extremely limited time constraints.

Parental Autonomy Support, Parental Psychological Control and Chinese University Students' Behavior Regulation: The Mediating Role of Basic Psychological Needs.

The present research examined relationships between parental autonomy support, parental psychological control, and Chinese emerging adults' autonomous regulation in their university studies as well as dysregulation in social media engagement. A total of 287 (102 female and 185 male) Chinese university students reported on their perceived parenting styles, psychological needs, and behavior regulation. Results showed that basic psychological need satisfaction was positively associated with parental autonomy support and autonomous regulation of learning; need frustration was positively correlated with parental psychological control and dysregulation in social media engagement. More importantly, psychological need frustration was a mediator of the relation between parental psychological control and dysregulation in social media engagement. Our findings suggest that students living in an autonomy-supportive familial environment tend to have satisfied psychological needs as well as autonomous learning behavior. Impairment of psychological needs could be one of the mechanisms through which psychologically controlling parenting was linked to dysregulation of social media use in Chinese culture.

Predicting the Intention to Use Cybercounseling Among Chinese Adolescents: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior.

With the rapid development of Information Communication Technology, cybercounseling has become a more feasible modality to receive psychological support. However, very limited research has explored the intention to use cybercounseling. This study aimed to use an extended theory of planned behavior (E-TPB) model to predict the intention to use cybercounseling among Chinese adolescents. The moderation effect of gender in the constructs of the E-TPB model was also investigated. A total of 1,216 Chinese adolescents (602 males, mean age = 14.21, standard deviation = 1.28) completed the self-report questionnaire. Structural equation modeling and multigroup analyses were performed using AMOS 20.0. The overall E-TPB model explained 29.8 percent of the variance in the intention to use cybercounseling. Subjective norm (SN) was the strongest predictor of the intention to use cybercounseling, followed by perceived behavioral control (PBC) and attitude (ATT). Moreover, two additional variables (i.e., attitude toward Internet and computer self-efficacy) significantly predicted the ATT and PBC, respectively. Furthermore, gender was found to significantly moderate the E-TPB model. Unexpectedly, social stigma toward seeking psychological help did not show a significant effect on SN. This study showed that the E-TPB is an efficient model to explain the intention to use cybercounseling and suggested the influence of social factor (i.e., SN) on the intention to use cybercounseling among Chinese adolescents. These results would be beneficial for understanding and promoting the cybercounseling application.

A tutorial on the meta-analytic structural equation modeling of reliability coefficients.

Reporting the reliability of the scores obtained from a scale or test is part of the standard repertoire of empirical studies in psychology. With reliability being a key concept in psychometrics, researchers have become more and more interested in evaluating reliability coefficients across studies and, ultimately, quantify and explain possible between-study variation. This approach-commonly known as "reliability generalization"-can be specified within the framework of meta-analysis. The existing procedures of reliability generalization, however, have several methodological issues: (a) unrealistic and often untested assumptions on the measurement model underlying the reliability coefficients (e.g., essential τ-equivalence for Cronbach's α); (b) the use of univariate approaches to synthesizing reliabilities of total and subscale scores; (c) the lack of comparability across different types of reliability coefficients. However, these issues can be addressed directly through meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM)-a method that combines meta-analysis with structural equation modeling through synthesizing either correlation matrices or model parameters across studies. The primary objective of this article is to present the potential MASEM has for the meta-analysis of reliability coefficients. We review the extant body of literature on the use of reliability generalization, discuss and illustrate two MASEM approaches (i.e., correlation-based and parameter-based MASEM), and propose some practical guidelines. Future directions for utilizing MASEM for reliability generalization are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Intergenerational differences in the intention to use psychological cybercounseling: A Chinese case study.

OBJECTIVE: This study applied an extended theory of planned behavior (E-TPB) model to investigate factors that contribute to the intention to use psychological cybercounseling in a Chinese sample. The moderating effects of intergenerational differences on relationships of E-TPB variables were also tested. METHODS: A total of 1494 Chinese participants Mage = 18.95 years, SD = 10.19; 49.9 % male) completed a self-report questionnaire measuring seven constructs: intention (INT), attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), attitude toward the Internet (ATI), social stigma of seeking psychological help (SSSPH), and computer self-efficacy (CSE). RESULTS: Structural equation modeling showed that the E-TPB model accounted for 32.5 % of variance in INT. SN was the strongest determinant of INT, followed by PBC and ATT. Multi-group analysis revealed that intergenerational differences significantly moderated three paths: CSE → PBC, ATT → INT, and SN → INT. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the efficacy of E-TPB in explaining the intention to use psychological cybercounseling in a Chinese sample. Several factors related to the intention to use psychological cybercounseling were identified in this sample. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The results can help promote psychological cybercounseling use in this population.

Tit for Tat: Abusive Supervision and Knowledge Hiding-The Role of Psychological Contract Breach and Psychological Ownership.

The extant literature has focused on individuals' knowledge-sharing behavior and its driving factors, which stimulate the knowledge transmission and exchange in organizations. However, little research has focused on factors that inhibit knowledge sharing and encourage individuals to hide their knowledge. Therefore, based on social exchange and displaced aggression theories, the study proposed and checked a model that examined the effect of abusive supervision on knowledge hiding (KH) via a psychological contract breach (PCB). The Psychological ownership was regarded as a boundary condition on abusive supervision and KH relationship. Using a time-lagged method, we recruited 344 full-time employees enrolled in an executive development program in a large university in China. The findings show that PCB mediates the association between abusive supervision and KH. Similarly, psychological ownership moderates the association between abusive supervision and KH. Employees with high psychological ownership minimized the effect of abusive supervision on KH. Based on study findings, contributions to theory and practice, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

Ossification of the yellow ligament in the cervical spine - an unusual location.

Ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL) or ligamentum flavum, usually occurs in the thoracic spine. Focal OYL occurring in the cervical spine is considered rare and is sparsely reported in the literature. We came across a 30-year-old male patient with progressive left upper limb and bilateral lower limb weakness over a period of 3 months, associated with an unsteady gait. Clinical examination revealed bilateral generalized hyper-reflexia in both upper and lower limbs, inverted supinator jerk, Hoffman's sign and clonus. Myelopathy due to cord compression was suspected and further investigations were done. MRI and CT scans revealed a bony mass in relation to the C6 spinous process projecting anterosuperiorly and narrowing the cervical spinal canal causing cord signal changes from C4 to C6 levels. In view of the deteriorating neurological status, immediate surgery in the form of decompression and posterior stabilization from C4-C6 was performed. Patient gradually recovered after surgery and attained full functional status. We report this case considering the unusual location of OYL and its successful management.

Systematic review of current prognostication systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogenous group of rare tumors whose natural history remains poorly defined. Accurate prognostication of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms is essential for guiding clinical decisions. This paper aims to summarize all the commonly utilized and recently proposed prognostication systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms published in the literature to date. METHODS: A systematic review of Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase databases, of the period from January 1, 2000-November 29, 2016, was conducted to identify all published articles reporting on prognostication systems of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. RESULTS: A total of 23 articles were included in our review, and a total of 25 classification systems were identified. There were 2 modifications of the World Health Organization 2004 criteria, 4 modifications of the World Health Organization 2010 criteria, 2 modifications of the American Joint Committee on Cancer 2010 staging system, 3 modifications of the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society 2006 tumor, node, metastasis staging system, 7 novel categorial classification systems, and 2 novel proposed continuous classifications. The most commonly included variables included age, size of tumor, presence of distant and lymph node metastases, Ki-67 index, and mitotic count. CONCLUSION: Numerous prognostication systems have been proposed for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, of which the most commonly used systems presently include the World Health Organization 2010 criteria and the two tumor, node, metastasis staging systems by the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society and the American Joint Commission on Cancer. However, prognostication systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms continue to evolve with time as more prognostication factors are identified. More validation and comparative studies are needed to identify the most effective prognostication system.

Emotion Words Modulate Early Conflict Processing in a Flanker Task: Differentiating Emotion-Label Words and Emotion-Laden Words in Second Language.

Emotion words modulate conflict processing, even at an early stage (i.e., N200). However, the previous studies implicitly mixed emotion-label words and emotion-laden words together and mostly concentrated on first language (L1) rather than on second language (L2). The current study aimed to investigate whether L2 negative emotion-label words, negative emotion-laden words, and neutral words would affect conflict processing in a flanker task by using event-related potential (ERP) measurements. Twenty Chinese-English bilinguals completed a modified flanker task to decide the color of the target words. The results revealed that only L2 negative emotion-label words elicited larger left frontal N200 in the incongruent condition than in the congruent condition. No significant difference between the two conditions was observed for L2 negative emotion-laden words or neutral words. This research demonstrated that L2 emotion words could also modulate early conflict processing, at least for L2 negative emotion-label words.

The Influence of Learning Style on English Learning Achievement Among Undergraduates in Mainland China.

Learning style is one of the main factors that determines how students learn English and has a significant influence on students' learning strategy selection, which further affects their learning outcomes (Ehrman and Oxford in Mod Lang J 74(3):311-327, 1990; Oxford in Language learning styles and strategies: an overview, 2003. http://web.ntpu.edu.tw/~language/workshop/read2.pdf ). This study examines the learning style preferences of Chinese university students and whether those preferences influence their English achievements. Four hundred undergraduates from one university in eastern mainland China participated in this study. Data from 329 valid questionnaires were analysed. The results revealed that the Chinese university students preferred the visual learning style the most, followed by the auditory and kinaesthetic styles. However, no learning style preference was found to influence the students' English proficiency. Cultural reasons are discussed to explain the findings, which contradict those of previous studies of learning style theories and practices. This study recommends that Chinese scholars consider issues of English teaching and learning in China and to adopt appropriate teaching methods to effectively improve English teaching.

Spinal stenosis presenting with scrotal and perianal claudication.

A 63-year-old gentleman presented with a one-year duration of progressive neurogenic claudication. However, unlike most patients who presents with leg symptoms, his pain was felt in his scrotal and perianal region. This was exacerbated with walking and standing, but he had immediate relief with sitting. An magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed which showed severe central canal stenosis. An L3/4 and L4/5 surgical decompression and a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion was performed, and the patient made good recovery with immediate resolution of symptoms. Although rare, spinal stenosis should be considered a differential when approaching a patient with perianal and scrotal claudication, even in the absence of leg claudication. An MRI is useful to confirm the diagnosis. This rare symptom may be a sign of severe cauda equina compression and we recommend decompression with predictable good results.

Optimal cellular preservation for high dimensional flow cytometric analysis of multicentre trials.

High dimensional flow cytometry is best served by centralized facilities. However, the difficulties around sample processing, storage and shipment make large scale international studies impractical. We therefore sought to identify optimized fixation procedures which fully leverage the analytical capability of high dimensional flow cytometry without the need for complex cell processing or a sustained cold chain. Whole blood staining procedure was employed to investigate the applicability of fixatives including Cyto-Chex® Blood Collection tube (Streck), Transfix® (Cytomark), 1% and 4% paraformaldehyde to centralized analysis of field trial samples. Samples were subjected to environmental conditions which mimic field studies, without refrigerated shipment and analyzed across 10 days, based on cell count and marker expression. This study showed that Cyto-Chex® demonstrated the least variability in absolute cell count relative to samples analyzed directly from donors in the absence of fixation. Transfix® was better at preserving the marker expression among all fixatives. However, Transfix® caused marked increased cell membrane permeabilization and was detrimental to intracellular marker identification. Paraformaldehyde fixation, at either 1% or 4% concentrations, was unfavorable for cell preservation under the conditions tested and thus not recommended. Using these data, we have created an online interactive tool which enables researchers to evaluate the impact of different fixatives on their panel of interest. In this study, we have identified Cyto-Chex® as the optimal cellular preservative for high dimensional flow cytometry in large scale studies for shipped whole blood samples, even in the absence of a sustained cold chain.

Perceived importance, enjoyment, and anxiety as correlates of computer attitudes.

A sample of 138 students was assessed for their computer attitudes using a Likert-type questionnaire with three subscales: Computer Importance, Computer Enjoyment, and Computer Anxiety. An overall positive attitude towards computers was found. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in computer attitudes by gender although male students reported more positive attitudes towards computers than female students. Implications for educators include managing the perceptions of students that the computers are useful for learning purposes, in addition to using them for leisure and entertainment.